Health Promotion and Maintenance Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
What is the recommended screening schedule for mammograms?
A
Annually starting at age 40 or earlier based on risk factors
2
Q
When should colonoscopy screening begin for average-risk individuals?
A
Age 45-50 depending on guidelines
3
Q
What vaccines are recommended for adults over 65?
A
Annual influenza, pneumonia (PPSV23), and shingles vaccines
4
Q
How often should blood pressure be checked in healthy adults?
A
At least every 2 years if normal (<120/80)
5
Q
What is the recommended frequency for cholesterol screening?
A
Every 4-6 years starting at age 20
6
Q
When should cervical cancer screening begin?
A
Age 21 regardless of sexual activity history
7
Q
How often should Pap smears be performed?
A
Every 3 years for ages 21-65 with normal results
8
Q
What is the recommended daily calcium intake for postmenopausal women?
A
1,200 mg daily
9
Q
How much folic acid should women of childbearing age take?
A
400-800 mcg daily
10
Q
What is the recommended daily vitamin D intake for adults?
A
600-800 IU daily
11
Q
How many minutes of moderate exercise per week are recommended?
A
At least 150 minutes
12
Q
What constitutes a healthy BMI range?
A
18.5-24.9 kg/m²
13
Q
How many servings of fruits and vegetables are recommended daily?
A
5-9 servings
14
Q
What is the maximum recommended alcohol intake for women?
A
1 drink per day
15
Q
What is the maximum recommended alcohol intake for men?
A
2 drinks per day
16
Q
At what age should regular skin cancer screening begin?
A
Age 20 for high-risk individuals
17
Q
How often should diabetics have eye exams?
A
Annually or as recommended by ophthalmologist
18
Q
What is the target HbA1c for most diabetic patients?
A
Less than 7%
19
Q
How often should diabetics check their feet?
A
Daily
20
Q
What blood pressure reading indicates hypertension?
A
130/80 mmHg or higher
21
Q
What teaching should be provided about sun protection?
A
Use SPF 30+ sunscreen, wear protective clothing, avoid midday sun
22
Q
When should children receive their first dental visit?
A
By age 1 or within 6 months of first tooth
23
Q
How often should dental checkups occur?
A
Every 6 months
24
Q
What is the recommended sleep duration for adults?
A
7-9 hours per night
25
When should smoking cessation counseling be provided?
At every healthcare encounter for smokers
26
What are the 5 A's of smoking cessation?
Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange
27
What is the most effective method for weight loss?
Combination of reduced caloric intake and increased physical activity
28
How much weight loss per week is considered safe?
1-2 pounds per week
29
What is the recommended fiber intake for adults?
25-35 grams per day
30
How much water should adults drink daily?
8-10 glasses (64-80 ounces)
31
What is the recommended sodium intake for adults?
Less than 2,300 mg per day
32
When should children start receiving regular physicals?
Within the first week of life, then per pediatric schedule
33
What immunizations are required for school entry?
DTaP, IPV, MMR, Varicella, and others per state requirements
34
When should adolescents receive HPV vaccine?
Starting at age 11-12
35
What teaching should be provided about safe sex?
Use barrier protection, limit partners, regular STI screening
36
When should pregnancy testing be offered?
To sexually active women with missed periods or symptoms
37
What prenatal vitamins are recommended?
Folic acid, iron, and prenatal multivitamin
38
How often should prenatal visits occur in first trimester?
Monthly
39
When should genetic counseling be offered?
For advanced maternal age or family history of genetic disorders
40
What lifestyle modifications reduce heart disease risk?
Regular exercise, healthy diet, smoking cessation, stress management
41
What are warning signs of heart attack in women?
Chest discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, fatigue
42
What are modifiable risk factors for stroke?
Hypertension, diabetes, smoking, atrial fibrillation
43
How can osteoporosis be prevented?
Adequate calcium/vitamin D, weight-bearing exercise, avoid smoking
44
What teaching prevents urinary tract infections?
Adequate fluid intake, proper hygiene, empty bladder completely
45
How can constipation be prevented?
High-fiber diet, adequate fluids, regular exercise
46
What measures prevent falls in elderly?
Remove throw rugs, improve lighting, install grab bars
47
How can medication errors be prevented at home?
Use pill organizers, maintain updated medication lists, ask questions
48
What car safety measures protect children?
Appropriate car seats/booster seats based on age and weight
49
When can infants face forward in car seats?
After age 2 and when they reach maximum weight/height for rear-facing
50
What home safety measures prevent poisoning?
Lock cabinets, use safety latches, keep cleaning products elevated
51
How should medications be stored safely?
In original containers, away from heat/moisture, locked if needed
52
What water safety measures should be taught?
Supervise children, learn CPR, use life jackets
53
How can burns be prevented in the home?
Set water heater to 120°F, use outlet covers, keep matches away
54
What fire safety measures should be implemented?
Install smoke detectors, plan escape routes, practice fire drills
55
How often should smoke detector batteries be changed?
When clocks change (spring forward, fall back)
56
What teaching prevents sports injuries?
Proper equipment, conditioning, follow rules, rest when injured
57
When should children wear helmets?
When biking, skating, skateboarding, or participating in contact sports
58
What ergonomic principles prevent workplace injury?
Proper posture, take breaks, use correct lifting techniques
59
How should computer workstations be set up?
Monitor at eye level, feet flat on floor, wrists neutral
60
What stress management techniques are most effective?
Deep breathing, exercise, adequate sleep, social support
61
How can insomnia be prevented?
Consistent sleep schedule, comfortable environment, avoid caffeine
62
What teaching helps manage anxiety?
Relaxation techniques, regular exercise, limit caffeine, seek support
63
How can depression be recognized early?
Persistent sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, sleep changes
64
What resources should be provided for mental health?
Counseling services, support groups, crisis hotlines
65
How can workplace violence be prevented?
Report concerns, avoid isolated areas, trust instincts
66
What constitutes a healthy work-life balance?
Set boundaries, take time off, pursue hobbies, maintain relationships
67
How can family relationships be strengthened?
Regular communication, quality time, conflict resolution skills
68
What parenting techniques promote child development?
Consistent routines, positive reinforcement, age-appropriate expectations
69
How should discipline be approached?
Set clear limits, natural consequences, avoid physical punishment
70
What promotes healthy aging?
Stay active, maintain social connections, continue learning
71
How can memory loss be minimized?
Mental stimulation, physical exercise, social engagement
72
What end-of-life planning should be discussed?
Advance directives, healthcare proxy, funeral preferences
73
How should grief be supported?
Allow expression of feelings, provide resources, respect cultural practices
74
What community resources support health promotion?
Health departments, community centers, support groups
75
How can health literacy be improved?
Use simple language, provide written materials, encourage questions
76
What cultural factors affect health promotion?
Beliefs about health, family roles, communication styles
77
How should language barriers be addressed?
Use professional interpreters, avoid family as interpreters
78
What teaching promotes medication compliance?
Explain purpose, discuss side effects, simplify regimen
79
How can appointment compliance be improved?
Reminder calls, convenient scheduling, transportation assistance
80
What factors affect health behavior change?
Motivation, self-efficacy, social support, perceived benefits
81
How should teaching be individualized?
Assess learning style, cultural factors, literacy level
82
What makes teaching effective?
Clear objectives, interactive methods, return demonstration
83
How should teaching be evaluated?
Ask for return demonstration, check understanding, follow up
84
What resources support patient education?
Written materials, videos, online resources, support groups
85
How can health promotion be integrated into all encounters?
Screen for risk factors, provide counseling, make referrals
86
What role does prevention play in healthcare?
Reduces disease burden, improves quality of life, decreases costs
87
How should risk factors be prioritized?
Address modifiable factors first, consider client readiness
88
What motivates behavior change?
Personal relevance, achievable goals, positive reinforcement
89
How can barriers to health promotion be overcome?
Identify specific barriers, develop solutions together
90
What is the nurse's role in community health?
Assess needs, advocate for resources, promote healthy policies
91
How can health disparities be addressed?
Increase access, provide culturally competent care, advocate for equity
92
What environmental factors affect health?
Air quality, water safety, housing conditions, neighborhood safety
93
How can environmental health be promoted?
Reduce exposure to toxins, promote clean environments
94
What is the role of policy in health promotion?
Create supportive environments, remove barriers to healthy choices
95
How can schools promote health?
Nutrition programs, physical education, health education
96
What workplace wellness programs are effective?
Fitness facilities, health screenings, stress management
97
How can healthcare systems promote health?
Integrate prevention into care, use reminder systems
98
What technology supports health promotion?
Health apps, wearable devices, telemedicine
99
How can social media be used for health promotion?
Share evidence-based information, connect support networks
100
What is the future of health promotion?
Personalized medicine, precision prevention, technology integration
