Psychosocial Integrity Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
What is the therapeutic nurse-client relationship?
A
A purposeful goal-directed relationship focused on client healing
2
Q
What are the phases of the therapeutic relationship?
A
Orientation working and termination phases
3
Q
What occurs during the orientation phase?
A
Establish rapport set goals and define roles and boundaries
4
Q
What characterizes the working phase?
A
Problem-solving goal achievement and behavior change
5
Q
How should the termination phase be handled?
A
Summarize progress discuss feelings about ending and provide referrals
6
Q
What are therapeutic communication techniques?
A
Active listening open-ended questions reflection and silence
7
Q
What is active listening?
A
Fully focusing on the client message with attention to verbal and nonverbal cues
8
Q
When should silence be used therapeutically?
A
To allow client processing time and encourage further communication
9
Q
What is reflection in communication?
A
Restating or paraphrasing the client message to confirm understanding
10
Q
What are examples of open-ended questions?
A
How are you feeling and Tell me about your concerns
11
Q
What communication blocks should be avoided?
A
Giving advice false reassurance and changing the subject
12
Q
Why should nurses avoid giving advice?
A
It prevents client autonomy and problem-solving development
13
Q
What is false reassurance?
A
Statements like Everything will be fine that minimize client concerns
14
Q
How should nurses respond to client anger?
A
Remain calm acknowledge feelings and explore underlying concerns
15
Q
What is empathy in nursing?
A
Understanding and sharing the client emotional experience
16
Q
How does empathy differ from sympathy?
A
Empathy involves understanding sympathy involves feeling sorry for someone
17
Q
What is unconditional positive regard?
A
Accepting the client without judgment regardless of behaviors
18
Q
How should cultural differences in communication be addressed?
A
Assess cultural background and adapt communication style accordingly
19
Q
What factors affect nonverbal communication?
A
Culture personal space preferences and individual experiences
20
Q
How should interpreters be used effectively?
A
Speak directly to client allow time for interpretation use professional interpreters
21
Q
What is major depressive disorder?
A
Persistent sadness and loss of interest lasting at least 2 weeks
22
Q
What are symptoms of major depression?
A
Sadness anhedonia fatigue sleep disturbances appetite changes
23
Q
What is the priority concern for depressed clients?
A
Suicide risk assessment and safety
24
Q
How should suicide risk be assessed?
A
Ask directly about suicidal thoughts plans and means
25
What increases suicide risk?
Previous attempts family history substance abuse social isolation
26
What protective factors reduce suicide risk?
Strong social support religious beliefs hope for future
27
How should suicidal clients be managed?
Constant observation remove harmful objects provide support
28
What is bipolar disorder?
Mood disorder with alternating manic and depressive episodes
29
What characterizes a manic episode?
Elevated mood increased energy decreased sleep racing thoughts
30
How should manic clients be managed?
Provide structure limit stimulation ensure safety
31
What is generalized anxiety disorder?
Excessive worry about multiple life events for at least 6 months
32
What are physical symptoms of anxiety?
Increased heart rate sweating trembling muscle tension
33
How should anxiety be managed?
Deep breathing relaxation techniques cognitive restructuring
34
What is panic disorder?
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks with fear of future attacks
35
What occurs during a panic attack?
Intense fear chest pain shortness of breath feeling of losing control
36
How should panic attacks be managed?
Stay with client encourage slow breathing provide reassurance
37
What is post-traumatic stress disorder?
Reaction to traumatic event with re-experiencing avoidance and hyperarousal
38
What triggers PTSD symptoms?
Reminders of the traumatic event such as sights sounds smells
39
How should trauma survivors be approached?
With sensitivity respect for autonomy and trauma-informed care
40
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Intrusive thoughts called obsessions and repetitive behaviors called compulsions
41
How should compulsive behaviors be managed?
Allow time for rituals initially then gradually set limits
42
What is schizophrenia?
Chronic mental illness with positive and negative symptoms
43
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Hallucinations delusions disorganized thinking
44
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Flat affect social withdrawal lack of motivation
45
How should hallucinations be addressed?
Do not argue with content focus on feelings redirect to reality
46
How should delusions be managed?
Do not challenge directly explore underlying needs
47
What is the goal of antipsychotic medications?
Reduce positive symptoms and prevent relapse
48
What are extrapyramidal side effects?
Movement disorders caused by antipsychotic medications
49
What is tardive dyskinesia?
Late-onset involuntary movements from long-term antipsychotic use
50
How should tardive dyskinesia be monitored?
Regular assessment using standardized rating scales
51
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Life-threatening reaction to antipsychotics with fever rigidity altered consciousness
52
How should neuroleptic malignant syndrome be treated?
Discontinue antipsychotic provide supportive care consider dantrolene
53
What is substance use disorder?
Problematic pattern of substance use leading to impairment
54
What are signs of alcohol withdrawal?
Tremors sweating anxiety nausea possible seizures
55
What is delirium tremens?
Severe alcohol withdrawal with hallucinations confusion and hyperthermia
56
How should alcohol withdrawal be managed?
Benzodiazepines thiamine supportive care seizure precautions
57
What are signs of opioid withdrawal?
Muscle aches nausea anxiety runny nose insomnia
58
What medications treat opioid use disorder?
Methadone buprenorphine naltrexone
59
What is the purpose of naloxone?
Reverse opioid overdose by blocking opioid receptors
60
How should drug-seeking behavior be addressed?
Set clear boundaries assess for legitimate pain avoid judgment
61
What is motivational interviewing?
Counseling approach that enhances motivation for behavior change
62
What are the stages of change?
Precontemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance
63
How should resistance to treatment be handled?
Explore ambivalence respect autonomy avoid confrontation
64
What is denial in addiction?
Unconscious defense mechanism to avoid painful reality
65
How should families affected by addiction be supported?
Education Al-Anon referrals family therapy
66
What is codependency?
Excessive emotional reliance on substance-using family member
67
What are eating disorders?
Mental illnesses involving disturbed eating patterns
68
What is anorexia nervosa?
Restriction of food intake leading to significantly low body weight
69
What are medical complications of anorexia?
Bradycardia hypotension electrolyte imbalances bone loss
70
What is bulimia nervosa?
Binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors
71
What are signs of bulimia?
Dental erosion parotid gland swelling electrolyte imbalances
72
How should eating disorders be treated?
Multidisciplinary approach with medical stabilization and therapy
73
What is body dysmorphic disorder?
Preoccupation with perceived flaws in physical appearance
74
What are personality disorders?
Enduring patterns of thinking and behaving that deviate from norms
75
What is borderline personality disorder?
Instability in relationships self-image and emotions
76
How should borderline clients be managed?
Set consistent limits validate emotions avoid power struggles
77
What is antisocial personality disorder?
Disregard for others rights and social norms
78
How should manipulative behavior be addressed?
Set clear boundaries maintain consistency document interactions
79
What is narcissistic personality disorder?
Grandiosity need for admiration lack of empathy
80
What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
Persistent inattention hyperactivity and impulsivity
81
How should ADHD be managed in adults?
Medication behavioral strategies organizational skills training
82
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Persistent deficits in social communication and restricted interests
83
How should autism be accommodated in healthcare?
Reduce sensory stimulation maintain routines use clear communication
84
What is intellectual disability?
Significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
85
How should care be adapted for intellectual disabilities?
Use simple language allow extra time involve caregivers
86
What are developmental disabilities?
Chronic conditions appearing before age 22 affecting functioning
87
What is dementia?
Progressive decline in cognitive function affecting daily activities
88
What are types of dementia?
Alzheimer disease vascular dementia Lewy body dementia
89
What are early signs of dementia?
Memory loss confusion difficulty with familiar tasks
90
How should dementia be managed?
Maintain routines provide cues ensure safety support family
91
What is sundowning?
Increased confusion and agitation in the evening
92
How should sundowning be managed?
Maintain consistent routines provide adequate lighting limit stimulation
93
What is catastrophic reaction?
Extreme emotional response to overwhelming situations in dementia
94
How should catastrophic reactions be prevented?
Simplify environment break tasks into steps remain calm
95
What is validation therapy?
Accepting and validating emotions of confused individuals
96
What is reminiscence therapy?
Using memories to promote well-being and communication
97
How should wandering be managed?
Provide safe environment use identification address underlying needs
98
What causes behavioral symptoms in dementia?
Unmet needs overstimulation medical issues medication effects
99
How should aggression in dementia be handled?
Stay calm remove triggers redirect attention ensure safety
100
What is elder abuse?
Physical emotional financial or sexual abuse of older adults
101
What are signs of elder abuse?
Unexplained injuries fearfulness poor hygiene missing belongings
102
What is the nurse obligation regarding elder abuse?
Report suspected abuse to appropriate authorities
103
What is domestic violence?
Pattern of abusive behavior used to gain power and control
104
What are signs of domestic violence?
Unexplained injuries fearfulness isolation controlling partner behavior
105
How should domestic violence victims be approached?
Provide privacy express concern offer resources respect decisions
106
What is the cycle of violence?
Tension building acute battering honeymoon phase
107
Why do victims stay in abusive relationships?
Fear financial dependence children love cultural factors
108
What resources help domestic violence victims?
Shelters hotlines legal advocacy counseling services
109
What is child abuse?
Physical emotional sexual abuse or neglect of children
110
What are indicators of child abuse?
Unexplained injuries behavioral changes fear of caregivers
111
How should suspected child abuse be handled?
Report immediately document objectively provide supportive care
112
What is sexual assault?
Any sexual act without consent
113
How should sexual assault victims be cared for?
Preserve evidence provide emotional support offer resources
114
What is rape trauma syndrome?
Emotional response to sexual assault with acute and long-term phases
115
What occurs in the acute phase of rape trauma?
Shock disbelief fear anxiety guilt
116
What characterizes the long-term phase?
Depression anxiety PTSD symptoms relationship difficulties
117
What is human trafficking?
Exploitation of people through force fraud or coercion
118
What are indicators of human trafficking?
Signs of physical abuse fearfulness lack of identification isolation
119
How should trafficking victims be approached?
Provide safety avoid judgment offer resources respect autonomy
120
What is grief?
Natural response to loss involving emotional physical and spiritual reactions
121
What are Kubler-Ross stages of grief?
Denial anger bargaining depression acceptance
122
What is anticipatory grief?
Grief experienced before actual loss occurs
123
What is complicated grief?
Prolonged intense grief that interferes with functioning
124
How can grief be supported?
Active listening normalize feelings provide resources respect process
125
What factors affect grief response?
Relationship to deceased circumstances of death support system
126
How do children grieve differently?
Limited understanding concrete thinking behavioral expressions
127
What is disenfranchised grief?
Grief not socially recognized or supported
128
How should anniversary reactions be handled?
Acknowledge significance provide extra support normalize experience
129
What is bereavement?
The period of grief following a loss
130
What support helps bereaved families?
Grief counseling support groups spiritual care practical assistance
131
What is crisis intervention?
Short-term assistance to help individuals cope with crisis
132
What defines a crisis?
Overwhelming situation that exceeds coping abilities
133
What are types of crises?
Situational developmental adventitious
134
What is the goal of crisis intervention?
Return to pre-crisis functioning or higher
135
What are crisis intervention principles?
Immediate response focus on present mobilize resources
136
How long does crisis intervention typically last?
4 to 6 weeks
137
What is debriefing?
Structured discussion following traumatic events
138
When should debriefing occur?
Within 24 to 72 hours after traumatic incident
139
What is secondary trauma?
Emotional distress from exposure to others trauma
140
How can secondary trauma be prevented?
Self-care supervision workload management education
141
What is resilience?
Ability to adapt and bounce back from adversity
142
What factors promote resilience?
Social support positive coping skills sense of purpose
143
What is post-traumatic growth?
Positive change following trauma
144
How can post-traumatic growth be facilitated?
Meaning-making narrative therapy strength identification
145
What is stress?
Physical and emotional response to challenging situations
146
What are types of stress?
Acute chronic episodic acute eustress
147
What are physical effects of chronic stress?
Hypertension weakened immunity digestive problems
148
What are effective stress management techniques?
Exercise relaxation time management social support
149
What is burnout?
Physical and emotional exhaustion from chronic workplace stress
150
What prevents healthcare worker burnout?
Work-life balance adequate staffing administrative support
