Health System

Question 1

is “all the organizations, institutions, resources, and people whose primary purpose is to improve health”

Answer 1

Health system

Question 2

HEALTH SYSTEM

● “The combination of____,____,____,and_____ that culminate in the delivery of health services to the population.” (Roemer, 1991)

Answer 2

resources, organization, financing, and management

Question 3

Goals of a Health System (3)

Answer 3

1. Improving the health of populations
2. Improving the responsiveness of the health system
3. Providing fair health financing

Question 4

COMPONENTS OF A HEALTH SYSTEM (7)

Answer 4

• Community
• Department or ministries of health
• Health care providers
• Health service organizations
• Pharmaceutical companies
• Health financing bodies
• Other organizations related to health sector

Question 5

• the overarching goal of a health system

Answer 5

Goal #1:
Improving the health of populations

Question 6

“populations must be protected from existing and emerging health risks

Answer 6

Goal #1:
Improving the health of populations

Question 7

•strive for equity in health by minimizing inequitable disparities

Answer 7

Goal #1:
Improving the health of populations

Question 8

• responsiveness refers to providing satisfactory health services and engaging people as active partners

Answer 8

Goal #2: Improving the responsiveness of the health system

Question 9

health systems have an obligation to respond to the legitimate non-health needs and expectations of populations

Answer 9

Goal #2: Improving the responsiveness of the health system

Question 10

maximizes people’s autonomy and control

Answer 10

Goal #2: Improving the responsiveness of the health system

Question 11

“an ideal health system provides social and financial risk protection in health

Answer 11

Goal #3: Providing fair health financing

Question 12

“according to the World Health Organization:
“ each individual pays approximately the same % of their income for needed services regardless of social status in life

Answer 12

Goal #3: Providing fair health financing

Question 13

Functions of a Health System (4)

Answer 13

1. Health service provision
2. Health service inputs
3. Stewardship
4. Health financing

Question 14

Health financing

Answer 14

• Revenue collection
• Risk pooling
• Strategic purchasing

Question 15

most visible product of health system -public and private health service provision

Answer 15

Function #1: Health Service Provision

Question 16

• health service is any service (not limited to clinical services) aimed at improving the health of populations

Answer 16

Function #1: Health Service Provision

Question 17

• also known as managing resources, means generating the essential physical resources for the delivery of health services:
• medications
• medical equipment
• human resources (trained doctors & medical staff)

Answer 17

Function #2: Health Service Inputs

Question 18

“responsibility of health system policymakers

Answer 18

Function #2: Health Service Inputs

Question 19

•also known as overall system oversight, is the main responsibility of the government

Answer 19

Function #3: Stewardship

Question 20

• identifying health priorities for allocation of public resources and coordinating activities with others

Answer 20

Function #3: Stewardship

Question 21

” generating appropriate data for effective decision-making and policymaking (research)

Answer 21

Function #3: Stewardship

Question 22

• includes raising and pooling funds/resources to pay for health services

Answer 22

Function #4: Health Financing

Question 23

Function #4: Health Financing (3)

Answer 23

1. Revenue collection
2. Risk pooling
3. Strategic purchasing

Question 24

_______ is the money earned from payments for health care services

Answer 24

revenue

Revenue Collection

Question 25

Revenue Collection mechanisms

Answer 25

• General taxation
• Donor financing
• Mandatory payroll contributions
• Direct household out-of-pocket expenditures
• Other forms of personal savings

Question 26

• form of risk management which aims to spread financial risks from an individual to all pool members

Answer 26

Risk Pooling

Question 27

core function of health insurance companies

Answer 27

Risk Pooling

Question 28

Risk Pooling main models

Answer 28

Bismarck model

Beveridge model

Question 29

*an insurance system where the sickness fund finances both the employers and employees through payroll (salary) deduction

Answer 29

Bismarck Model

Question 30

Bismarck Model is named after

Answer 30

Prussian Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck

Question 31

underlying principle: health insurance covers everybody

• model widely used:
“Germany
France
Belgium
Netherlands
Switzerland
Japan, and,
to a degree, Latin America

Answer 31

Bismarck model

Question 32

health care is provided and funded by the government through tax payments (shared by government)

Answer 32

Beveridge Model

Question 33

Beveridge Model is named after

Answer 33

William Beveridge - the social reformer responsible for designing Britain’s Social Security System and the National Health Service

Question 34

” underlying principle: healthcare is a basic human right

countries with this model:
Hong Kong
Great Britain
Spain
New Zealand
Cuba
Scandinavia

Answer 34

Beveridge Model

Question 35

[› use collected funds and pooled financial resources wisely to finance health care services

Answer 35

Strategic Purchasing

Question 36

«minimize costs and maximize quality

Answer 36

Strategic Purchasing

Question 37

*important part of boosting efficiency and profitability in your company / institution

Answer 37

Strategic Purchasing

Question 38

save more by getting the best deals

Answer 38

Strategic Purchasing