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healthy beans Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

right and left sides of the heart connect at the __

A

foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus

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2
Q

foramen ovale is a shortcut to avoid __

A

right side of the heart (won’t travel to lungs)

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3
Q

ductus arteriosus allows movement of blood that does end up in the __ to avoid the lungs

A

right ventricle

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4
Q

increased pressure in __ upon first breaths (increased blood flow to lungs) closes the foramen ovale

A

left atrium

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5
Q

foramen ovale flaps to which chamber of the heart

A

left atrium

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6
Q

moderator band in apex of which chamber

A

right ventricle

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7
Q

tricuspid valve inserts more __ than the mitral (bicuspid) valve

A

apical

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8
Q

how much of the heart should be in the left anterior quadrant of the chest

A

3/4

overall 1/3 of chest

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9
Q

normal axis angle of the heart

A

45 degrees

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10
Q

in the LVOT, the __ is seen exiting the LV

A

aorta

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11
Q

int he RVOT, the __ is seen exiting the RV

A

pumonary artery

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12
Q

what are the normal atrial septa in fetus

A

septum primum
septum secundum
foramen ovale

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13
Q

septum __ grows down from the top of the heart to reach the endocardial cushion. septum them perforates creating the __ and the septum __ grows down from top to meet it

A

septum primum
foramen ovale
septum secondum

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14
Q

fetal spleen visible after __ GA

A

20w

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15
Q

gallbladder can be seen in fetus after __ GA

A

14-16w

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16
Q

adrenals will be visible around __ GA

A

13w

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17
Q

what echogenicity is the adrenal medulla

A

inner medulla hyperechoic

outer cortex hypoechoic

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18
Q

umb v courses cranially from umb to join the __

A

left portal vein (via ductus venosus)

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19
Q

what happens to the right umbilical vein under normal circumstance

A

regresses around 6-8w GA and then not seen sonographically

*left UV shunts into ductus venosus

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20
Q

small bowel is more __ than colon

A

heterogeneous

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21
Q

normal migration of bowel into umbilical cord

A

physiologic midgut umbilical herniation

9-11w GA

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22
Q

midgut herniation should not be seen after __ GA

A

12w

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23
Q

what branches come off the aorta

A

brachiocephalic artery
left CCA
left SCA

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24
Q

in adult heart, the right side deals with oxygen __ blood; what is the course?

A

oxygen POOR

SVC and IVC -> RA -> RV -> pulmonary trunk and PAs -> lungs

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25
in adult heart, the left side deals with oxygen __ blood; what is the course?
oxygen RICH lungs -> pulmonary veins -> LA -> LV -> Ao -> body
26
in fetal circulation, blood from RV is pushed along the pulmonary trunk then through __
most to the ductus arteriosis to Ao some through PAs to lungs
27
in fetal circulation, blood from RA contracts sending blood through __
2/3 through foramen ovale to LA 1/3 through tricuspid valve to RV
28
in fetal circulation, blood from LA contracts sending blood through __
mitral valve (bicuspid) to LV
29
in fetal circulation, blood from LV is pushed through __
through the aortic valve to the ascending Ao blood then pushed through Ao arch
30
umbilical arteries return blood to the __
placenta
31
blood goes to fetus from the placenta via the __
umb veins to the IVC
32
blood enters the RA from the __
SVC and IVC (IVC from UV)
33
what is the point of the ductus arteriosus
shunt blood from going to the lungs from the RV; pushes more toward the Ao
34
what are fetal lungs used for
growing <3 oxygen and CO2 exchanged at placenta
35
where does baby get their oxygen from
placenta
36
which outflow tract is more inferior
LVOT
37
what motion of the transducer allows you to switch from LAX to SAX views of the heart
90 degree rotation
38
which organs are visible at the level of the abdominal circumference
stomach liver spleen
39
hypoechoic muscles along the anterior abdominal wall may simulate __
ascites 'pseudo-ascites' **distinguishing feature is muscle insertion into ribs change fetal position to confirm
40
stomach should be reliably seen by __ GA
12w
41
liver should be reliably seen by __ GA
20w
42
pancreas can be reliably seen by __ GA
trick question difficult to visualize at any GA MAY be seen late 2nd trimester onward
43
fetal adaptation allowing oxygenated blood from umbilical __ to bypass the __
umb vein bypass the liver on its way to the heart via the IVC *umb v enters the liver at the LPV
44
ductus venosus shunts blood from the __ to the __
from LPV to IVC
45
where does the ductus venosus enters the IVC
at or just inferior to the left HV
46
what is the adult remnant of the ductus venosus
fissure for ligamentum venosum
47
what is the adult remnant of the umb vein
ligamentum teres
48
the IVC lies __ of the Ao
anterior and to the RIGHT
49
the IVC drains __ and empties into the __
drains HV empties into RA
50
umbilical arteries extend from the __ to the __
from the internal iliac arteries to the umbilicus (CI) **terminates at placenta carry blood superiorly, medially, and anteriorly
51
what are the adult remnants of the umbilical arteries
medial umbilical ligaments
52
what is the adult remnant of the urachus
median umbilical ligament
53
renal arteries reliably detected with colour Doppler by __ GA
20w
54
what is the adult remnant of the ductus arteriosis
ligamentum arteriosum
55
what is the adult remnant of the foramen ovale
fossa ovalis
56
metanephric mesoderm aka
metanephrogenix blastema develops into nephron with interaction of ureteric bud (functional tissues of kidney)
57
ureteric bud develops into
ureter renal pelvis calyces collecting system
58
cloaca develops into
inferior bladder and rectum
59
allantois develops into
superior bladder early blood urachus
60
ureteric bud arises from __ duct
mesonephric (Wolffian) duct
61
kidneys develop in fetal pelvis at __ GA, and ascend into abdomen by __ GA
7w 11w
62
urine production begins at __ GA
11w
63
kidneys become the primary source of amniotic fluid after __ GA
16w
64
bladder reliably seen by __ GA
12-13w
65
how often should fetal bladder empty and fill
every 20-45 min
66
penis seen as early as __ GA
12-14w
67
scrotum should be seen by __ GA
17w
68
testes descend into scrotum between __ GA
26-32w
69
in first trimester, genital tubercle with caudal tilt suggests
female genitalia
70
in what situation is sex determination very important
with a multiples pregnancy to determine amniochorionicity for suspicion of sex-linked chromosome anomalies
71
microscopic structures in the nucleus of the cell that contain genes
chromosomes
72
how many chromosomes do humans have
23 paired 22 autosome 1 pair of sex
73

OBGYN (8 decks)

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