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OBGYN > healthy beans > Flashcards

healthy beans Flashcards

1
Q

right and left sides of the heart connect at the __

A

foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus

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2
Q

foramen ovale is a shortcut to avoid __

A

right side of the heart (won’t travel to lungs)

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3
Q

ductus arteriosus allows movement of blood that does end up in the __ to avoid the lungs

A

right ventricle

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4
Q

increased pressure in __ upon first breaths (increased blood flow to lungs) closes the foramen ovale

A

left atrium

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5
Q

foramen ovale flaps to which chamber of the heart

A

left atrium

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6
Q

moderator band in apex of which chamber

A

right ventricle

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7
Q

tricuspid valve inserts more __ than the mitral (bicuspid) valve

A

apical

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8
Q

how much of the heart should be in the left anterior quadrant of the chest

A

3/4

overall 1/3 of chest

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9
Q

normal axis angle of the heart

A

45 degrees

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10
Q

in the LVOT, the __ is seen exiting the LV

A

aorta

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11
Q

int he RVOT, the __ is seen exiting the RV

A

pumonary artery

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12
Q

what are the normal atrial septa in fetus

A

septum primum
septum secundum
foramen ovale

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13
Q

septum __ grows down from the top of the heart to reach the endocardial cushion. septum them perforates creating the __ and the septum __ grows down from top to meet it

A

septum primum
foramen ovale
septum secondum

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14
Q

fetal spleen visible after __ GA

A

20w

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15
Q

gallbladder can be seen in fetus after __ GA

A

14-16w

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16
Q

adrenals will be visible around __ GA

A

13w

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17
Q

what echogenicity is the adrenal medulla

A

inner medulla hyperechoic

outer cortex hypoechoic

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18
Q

umb v courses cranially from umb to join the __

A

left portal vein (via ductus venosus)

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19
Q

what happens to the right umbilical vein under normal circumstance

A

regresses around 6-8w GA and then not seen sonographically

*left UV shunts into ductus venosus

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20
Q

small bowel is more __ than colon

A

heterogeneous

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21
Q

normal migration of bowel into umbilical cord

A

physiologic midgut umbilical herniation

9-11w GA

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22
Q

midgut herniation should not be seen after __ GA

A

12w

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23
Q

what branches come off the aorta

A

brachiocephalic artery
left CCA
left SCA

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24
Q

in adult heart, the right side deals with oxygen __ blood; what is the course?

A

oxygen POOR

SVC and IVC -> RA -> RV -> pulmonary trunk and PAs -> lungs

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25
Q

in adult heart, the left side deals with oxygen __ blood; what is the course?

A

oxygen RICH

lungs -> pulmonary veins -> LA -> LV -> Ao -> body

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26
Q

in fetal circulation, blood from RV is pushed along the pulmonary trunk then through __

A

most to the ductus arteriosis to Ao

some through PAs to lungs

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27
Q

in fetal circulation, blood from RA contracts sending blood through __

A

2/3 through foramen ovale to LA

1/3 through tricuspid valve to RV

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28
Q

in fetal circulation, blood from LA contracts sending blood through __

A

mitral valve (bicuspid) to LV

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29
Q

in fetal circulation, blood from LV is pushed through __

A

through the aortic valve to the ascending Ao

blood then pushed through Ao arch

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30
Q

umbilical arteries return blood to the __

A

placenta

31
Q

blood goes to fetus from the placenta via the __

A

umb veins to the IVC

32
Q

blood enters the RA from the __

A

SVC and IVC

(IVC from UV)

33
Q

what is the point of the ductus arteriosus

A

shunt blood from going to the lungs from the RV; pushes more toward the Ao

34
Q

what are fetal lungs used for

A

growing <3

oxygen and CO2 exchanged at placenta

35
Q

where does baby get their oxygen from

A

placenta

36
Q

which outflow tract is more inferior

A

LVOT

37
Q

what motion of the transducer allows you to switch from LAX to SAX views of the heart

A

90 degree rotation

38
Q

which organs are visible at the level of the abdominal circumference

A

stomach
liver
spleen

39
Q

hypoechoic muscles along the anterior abdominal wall may simulate __

A

ascites

‘pseudo-ascites’

**distinguishing feature is muscle insertion into ribs

change fetal position to confirm

40
Q

stomach should be reliably seen by __ GA

A

12w

41
Q

liver should be reliably seen by __ GA

A

20w

42
Q

pancreas can be reliably seen by __ GA

A

trick question

difficult to visualize at any GA

MAY be seen late 2nd trimester onward

43
Q

fetal adaptation allowing oxygenated blood from umbilical __ to bypass the __

A

umb vein

bypass the liver on its way to the heart via the IVC

*umb v enters the liver at the LPV

44
Q

ductus venosus shunts blood from the __ to the __

A

from LPV to IVC

45
Q

where does the ductus venosus enters the IVC

A

at or just inferior to the left HV

46
Q

what is the adult remnant of the ductus venosus

A

fissure for ligamentum venosum

47
Q

what is the adult remnant of the umb vein

A

ligamentum teres

48
Q

the IVC lies __ of the Ao

A

anterior and to the RIGHT

49
Q

the IVC drains __ and empties into the __

A

drains HV

empties into RA

50
Q

umbilical arteries extend from the __ to the __

A

from the internal iliac arteries
to the umbilicus (CI)

**terminates at placenta

carry blood superiorly, medially, and anteriorly

51
Q

what are the adult remnants of the umbilical arteries

A

medial umbilical ligaments

52
Q

what is the adult remnant of the urachus

A

median umbilical ligament

53
Q

renal arteries reliably detected with colour Doppler by __ GA

A

20w

54
Q

what is the adult remnant of the ductus arteriosis

A

ligamentum arteriosum

55
Q

what is the adult remnant of the foramen ovale

A

fossa ovalis

56
Q

metanephric mesoderm aka

A

metanephrogenix blastema

develops into nephron with interaction of ureteric bud (functional tissues of kidney)

57
Q

ureteric bud develops into

A

ureter

renal pelvis

calyces

collecting system

58
Q

cloaca develops into

A

inferior bladder and rectum

59
Q

allantois develops into

A

superior bladder

early blood

urachus

60
Q

ureteric bud arises from __ duct

A

mesonephric (Wolffian) duct

61
Q

kidneys develop in fetal pelvis at __ GA, and ascend into abdomen by __ GA

A

7w

11w

62
Q

urine production begins at __ GA

A

11w

63
Q

kidneys become the primary source of amniotic fluid after __ GA

A

16w

64
Q

bladder reliably seen by __ GA

A

12-13w

65
Q

how often should fetal bladder empty and fill

A

every 20-45 min

66
Q

penis seen as early as __ GA

A

12-14w

67
Q

scrotum should be seen by __ GA

A

17w

68
Q

testes descend into scrotum between __ GA

A

26-32w

69
Q

in first trimester, genital tubercle with caudal tilt suggests

A

female genitalia

70
Q

in what situation is sex determination very important

A

with a multiples pregnancy to determine amniochorionicity

for suspicion of sex-linked chromosome anomalies

71
Q

microscopic structures in the nucleus of the cell that contain genes

A

chromosomes

72
Q

how many chromosomes do humans have

A

23 paired

22 autosome
1 pair of sex

73
Q
A

OBGYN (8 decks)

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