Healthy Growth & Development Flashcards
(23 cards)
Reflex Responses before Cortical Control
-palmar grasp before voluntary grasp etc.
Total Response before localized response
–flexor withdrawal affects whole body before able to control one part of body
Proximal to Distal Control
-head and midline control before shoulder/hips etc
Cephalic control before caudal
-head control then leg control
Medial control to lateral
ulnar grasp before pincer grasp
Gross motor before fine motor
gross grasp before refined manipulation
flexor tone before extensor tone
-physiological flexion before extension
Extensor antigravity muscles before flexor
-neck extension before neck flexion antigravity
weightbearing on flexed extremities before extended
prone on elbows before all fours
cervical to rostral control
-protective extension first in front, then side then backward
Risk Factors During Pregnancy
- preexisting maternal disorders
- physical and social characteristics
- age
- problems in previous pregnancies
- problems developing during pregnancy
- problems during labor and delivery
Air Pollution
Affects all systems (placenta included)
Red Flags: 0-2months
lack leg movement, floppiness, opisthotonus
Red Flags: 4 months
rigid postures, inability to flex/extend extremity, asymmetry, poor midline orientation, unilateral movement
Red Flags: 9 Months
unable to move forward in prone; bunny hopping
Red Flags: 12 months
unable to walk with support; no pincer grasp
Red Flags: 15 months
unable to walk independently; walks on toes with legs abducted, lack of controlled release
Prone Progression
- prone lying in flexion
- antigravity head movement
- prone on elbows (lift head)
- prone on extended arms
- pivot prone (superman)
- quadruped
- locomotion (crawling, creeping)
Supine Progression
- supine lying-flexion
- pull to sit
- hands to knees
- hands to feet
- feet to mouth
- nonsegmental rolling (log–prone to supine/supine to prone accidentally)
- segmental rolling
Sitting Progression
- supported sitting
- propped sitting
- ring sitting
- half-ring sitting/side-sitting
- independent sitting with ant/post curves
Walking Progression
- supported standing
- independent standing
- cruising
- independent locomotion
Stair climbing
- quadruped up
- quadruped down
- stepping one foot at time
- reciprocal steps
Early Reflexes
- palmar grasp reflex
- traction reflex
- ATNR
- Visual tracking
- proprioceptive placing
- visual placing
