Hearing

Question 1

Keeps nervous system continually informed of head movements and position so we maintain our balance

Answer 1

Equilibrium apparatus

Question 2

Consists of auricle or pinna

Answer 2

External ear

Question 3

Rim of helix, fleshy dangling part

Answer 3

Lobule (earlobe)

Question 4

Function of this is to direct sound waves into external acoustic meatus

Answer 4

Auricle

Question 5

Short tube that extends from the auricle to the eardrum, it’s lined with skin that’s lined with glands and short hairs

Answer 5

Auditory canal

Question 6

Gland that secretes ear wax (cerumen) that traps foreign objects and repels insects
(Sebaceous and modified apocrine sweat glands )

Answer 6

Ceruminous glands

Question 7

Boundary between the outer and middle ears

Sound waves makes this vibrate

Answer 7

Tympanic membrane

Eardrum

Question 8

Lined with mucous membrane and filled with air

Answer 8

Tympanic cavity

Middle ear

Question 9

Middle ear bones that receives vibration from the tympanic membrane

Answer 9

Ossicles

Question 10

Mastoid air cells in temporal bone that communicates with posterior part of tympanic cavity (mid ear)

Answer 10

Tympanic Antrum

Question 11

This connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx so we can equalize pressure between the middle ear cavity and external air pressure

Answer 11

Pharyngotympanic
Auditory tube
Formerly Eustachian tube

Question 12

When popping our ears while going up a mountain, why is this done?

Answer 12

Auditory tube opens temporarily so middle ear cavity can equalize pressure with the environment
(Allowing tympanic membrane to vibrate freely)

Question 13

Auditory tube is also a route for..

Answer 13

Which infections can spread from the throat to ear and even reach the brain

Question 14

Inflammation of middle ear

Answer 14

Otitis media

Question 15

Smallest bones in body that are in the inner ear

Name them

Answer 15

Auditory ossicles

Malleus, incus, and stapes

Question 16

Labyrinth

Lies deep in temporal bone and consists of cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals

Answer 16

Inner ear

Question 17

Location of hearing located here

Answer 17

Cochlea

Question 18

Sense organs of balance

Answer 18

Semicircular canals

Question 19

Ossicle that has handle attached to eardrum and base fits in oval window

Answer 19

Malleus

Question 20

This links the ossicles together into a chain that spans the middle ear cavity

Answer 20

Synovial joints

Question 21

Function of ossicles

Answer 21

Transmits the vibration of the tympanic membrane to the oval window, which sets the fluid of the cochlea into motion (excited hearing receptors)

Question 22

Muscle that arises from the wall of the auditory tube and inserts on the malleus

Answer 22

Tensor tympani

Question 23

Muscle that runs from the posterior of the middle ear cavity to the stapes
Smallest skeletal muscle in body

Answer 23

Stapedius

Question 24

Tensor tympani does what when there’s loud noise

Answer 24

Tenses the ear drum by pulling it medialis

Question 25

Stapedius does what when there's loud noise

Answer 25

Impedes the vibration of the whole ossicle chain and limits movement of the stapes in the oval window

Question 26

Innervated by cranial nerve N (trigeminal)

Answer 26

Tensor tympani

Question 27

Innervates by facial nerve

Answer 27

Stapedius

Question 28

Why do the muscles contract when there's loud noise?

Answer 28

To prevent damage to heading receptors (1st order neurons)

Question 29

Condition that results if the stapedius is paralyzed (makes noise feel painful)

Answer 29

Hyperacousia

Question 30

Series of channels that are bored out of temporal bone, filled with fluid, contain fluid filled tube floating inside

Answer 30

Inner ear | Labyrinth

Question 31

Bony Labyrinth is filled with

Answer 31

Fluid called perilymph (similar to composition of CSF)

Question 32

Membranous labyrinth are

Answer 32

Tubes that float inside the bony labyrinth and filled with endolymph (fluid similar to intracellular fluid)

Question 33

What does Endolymph and perilymph do for hearing?

Answer 33

Conduct sound vibrations and respond to mechanical forces occurring during changes in body position and acceleration

Question 34

Central egg shaped cavity of bony labyrinth that's suspended by perilymph and utricle and saccules

Answer 34

Vestibule

Question 35

Vestibule is united by a small duct are two membranous sacs

Answer 35

Saccules and utricle

Question 36

Receptors that respond to the pull of gravity and changes in position of head Located in saccules and utricle

Answer 36

Maculae

Question 37

These project from vestibule

Answer 37

Semicircular canals

Question 38

Communicates with the utricle anteriorly

Answer 38

Semicircular duct

Question 39

Swelling at an end of a semicircular duct and houses an equilibrium receptor called

Answer 39

Ampulla | Croats ampullaris

Question 40

Equilibrium receptor that responds to angular or rotational movements of head

Answer 40

Crista ampullaris

Question 41

Extends vestibule and coils around Modiolus

Answer 41

Cochlea

Question 42

Bony pillar in cochlea

Answer 42

Modiolus

Question 43

Ends blindly at cochlear apex and runs through center of cochlea Contains corti

Answer 43

Membranous cochlear duct

Question 44

Receptor organ for hearing

Answer 44

Corti

Question 45

Bony cochlea divided into 3 chambers/scalae

Answer 45

Scala vestibuli Scala tympani And another

Question 46

What does scala vestibule and tympani have?

Answer 46

Perilymph

Question 47

Apex of cochlea that separates two scalae

Answer 47

Helicotrema

Question 48

Composed of highly vascularized mucous membrane that secretes endolymph into the duct

Answer 48

Stria vascularis

Question 49

Corti is composed of supporting cells and hearing receptor cells called

Answer 49

Hair cells

Question 50

Modified microbiology that protrude into K rich endolymph | Long ones project into tectorial membrane

Answer 50

Sterocilia

Question 51

Waves jiggle this, which sits on the corti

Answer 51

Basilar membrane

Question 52

Cranial nerve that receives electrical impulse from hair cells that are on the tectorial membrane

Answer 52

Cranial nerve 8

Question 53

Where on the basilar membrane does high frequency Sounds hit

Answer 53

Near base

Question 54

Where on the basilar membrane does medium frequency

Answer 54

Near middle of basilar membrane

Question 55

Where on the basilar membrane does low frequency

Answer 55

Near Apex (end of basilar membrane)

Question 56

Nerve impulses are sent out of ___ to go to cranial nerve 8

Answer 56

Cochlear Divison

Question 57

After cranial Nerve 8, where does sound go?

Answer 57

Travels to auditory or cochlear nuclei in the medulla oblongata

Question 58

After medulla oblongata, it ones to thalamus, then where?

Answer 58

Relayed to auditory area of temporal lobe

Question 59

Step 1 of hearing

Answer 59

Sounds channeled into external auditory meatus and strikes eardrum making it vibrate

Question 60

Step 2 of hearing

Answer 60

Eardrum vibrating causes malleus to vibrate and then is passed on to incus and stapes

Question 61

Step 3 of hearing

Answer 61

Stapes vibrates and moves the membrane of the oval window in and out

Question 62

Step 4 of hearing

Answer 62

Waves in the perilymph of scala vestibuli displaces the vestibular and basilar membranes Producing waves in the endolymph in cochlear duct

Question 63

Step 5 of hearing

Answer 63

Waves then jiggle the basilar membrane upon which the organ of Corti sits

Question 64

Last step of hearing

Answer 64

Movement bends microvilli of the hair class that are embedded in the tectorial membrane and the hair cells send an electrical impulse back to the brain via cranial nerve VIII