Heart

Question 1

Where does the SVC and IVC meet?

Answer 1

sinus venarum

Question 2

All blood from the lower extremity is drained into the IVC except for the lumbars, which are

Answer 2

drained into the SVC through the Azygous vein

Question 3

This occurs when the mitral or tricuspid valve closes

Answer 3

isovolumetric contraction

Question 4

The pulmonary artery has higher pressure than the R ventricle.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Enough pressure builds in the ventricle to blow open the pulmonic semilunar valves during

Answer 5

mid-systole

Question 6

Which two arteries carry de-oxygenated blood?

Answer 6

Pulmonary artery and umbilical artery in fetus

Question 7

How is blood oxygenated in the lungs?

Answer 7

via the Bohr effect (4 O2/molecule of hemoglobin)

Question 8

Blood exits heart into the lungs through

Answer 8

2 pulmonary arteries

Question 9

Blood exits the lung into the left atrium through

Answer 9

4 pulmonary veins

Question 10

Which two veins carry oxygenated blood?

Answer 10

Pulmonary veins and umbilical vein in fetus

Question 11

80% of blood passively flows into left ventricle. The other 20% needs

Answer 11

P-Wave-AV nodal delay

Question 12

80% of blood passively flows into right ventricle. The other 20% needs

Answer 12

Atrial contraction

Question 13

What is the correct sequence of events of left ventricular contraction?

Answer 13

Mitral closes → isovolumetric contraction → Midsystole → aortic valves open 70mL blood rushes into aorta → Aortic valve closes (isovolumetric relaxation)

Question 14

What is the End diastolic Volume?

Answer 14

120mL

Question 15

What is the End Systolic Volume?

Answer 15

50 mL

Question 16

What is stroke volume (SV) in mL?

Answer 16

80 mL

Question 17

Cardiac output is

Answer 17

Stroke volume ✗ Heart rate

Question 18

Where does the P-Wave start?

Answer 18

at the SA node in the Crista Terminalis of the Right Atrium

Question 19

On the EKG, where does atrial depolarization/contraction occur?

Answer 19

P-wave

Question 20

On the EKG, what does the P-R interval represent?

Answer 20

AV nodal delay

Question 21

On the EKG, what does the R wave represent?

Answer 21

isovolumetric contraction

Question 22

On the EKG, ventricular depolarization/contraction is represented by the

Answer 22

QRS complex

Question 23

On the EKG, atrial repolarization is hidden under the

Answer 23

QRS complex

Question 24

On the EKG, what represents ventricular repolarization?

Answer 24

T wave

Question 25

On the EKG, the U wave represents

Answer 25

repolarization of papillary muscle

Question 26

On the EKG, i so volumetric relaxation is represented by what?

Answer 26

S-T segment

Question 27

What does an inverted Haltered S-T segment on an EKG indicate?

Answer 27

Myocardial infarction

Question 28

What is the main purpose of the AV node?

Answer 28

to delay the pulse going from the atrium to the ventricle on both sides

Question 29

What are the fastest fibers in the body?

Answer 29

Purkinje fibers

Question 30

Which heart sound is heard when AV valves closed during Isometric contraction?

Answer 30

1st

Question 31

Which heart sound is heard when the semilunar valves close?

Answer 31

2nd

Question 32

Which heart sound is heard with ventricular Gallop in CHF?

Answer 32

3rd

Question 33

Which heart sound is normal in children?

Answer 33

3rd

Question 34

Which heart sound is normal in athletes?

Answer 34

4th

Question 35

Which heart sound is heard with-atrial Gallop heard in diastole?

Answer 35

4th

Question 36

What does an Echocardiogram do?

Answer 36

detects murmurs

Question 37

What prevents the heart from tetany?

Answer 37

"Slow calcium channels" , "Long absolute refractory period”, "Plateaus"

Question 38

The heart can beat on its own due to what?

Answer 38

leaky sodium channels

Question 39

How man BPM does the SA node set?

Answer 39

45 BPM

Question 40

What is a primary heart block?

Answer 40

elongation of PR interval

Question 41

What is the Winkebock phenomenon?

Answer 41

A secondary heart block causing elongation of PR until 2 atrial waves show up

Question 42

ARMS & PRTS (occurs in diastole)

Answer 42

Aortic Regurgitation, Mitral stenosis, Pulmonic | Regurgitation, Tricuspid Stenosis

Question 43

What is the Tetratology of Fallot (DRIP)

Answer 43

Dextroposition of Aorta, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Interventricular septal defect, Pulmonary stenosis

Question 44

What is characterized by a dissecting anyeurysm, subluxation of lens of the eye, tall stature & arachnodactaly?

Answer 44

Marfan's Syndrome

Question 45

What refers to long, spider-like fingers?

Answer 45

arachnodactaly

Question 46

Which value is destroyed in Rheumatic fever by strep. pyogenes?

Answer 46

Mitral valve

Question 47

In Rheumatic Fever, what is made in the heart muscle and valves

Answer 47

Aschoff bodies

Question 48

What microorganism destroys the aortic valve?

Answer 48

Syphilis

Question 49

What is the most common benign heart tumor called?

Answer 49

Myxoma

Question 50

What is an inflammatory marker in heart disease?

Answer 50

C- reactive protein (CRP)

Question 51

Which blood vessel layer is the inner surface of the vessel?

Answer 51

Tunica intima

Question 52

What is the largest blood vessel layer?

Answer 52

Tunica muscularis/media

Question 53

Which blood vessel layer lines the outside of the vessel?

Answer 53

Tunica adventitia

Question 54

What is a blood vessel that irrigates other blood vessels?

Answer 54

Vaso Vasorum

Question 55

The greatest pressure in the circulatory system is in what?

Answer 55

the largest artery

Question 56

Where is the greatest resistance to pressure in the circulatory system?

Answer 56

arterioles

Question 57

What is the most common cause of Congestive Heart failure?

Answer 57

essential hypertension

Question 58

What is the second most common cause of Congestive Heart Failure?

Answer 58

aortic stenosis

Question 59

What is an early sign of Congestive Heart-Failure?

Answer 59

Exertional Dyspnea

Question 60

What condition causes orthopnea?

Answer 60

Congestive Heart Failure

Question 61

Where does fluid collect in the lungs in Congestive Heart failure?

Answer 61

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 62

Why does fluid collect in the costodiaphragmatic recess in Congestive Heart failure?

Answer 62

gravity

Question 63

In CHF, blood backs up into the left ventricle causing

Answer 63

ventricular hypertrophy

Question 64

In CHF, ventricular hypertrophy causes blood to back up into the left atrium and into the lungs causing

Answer 64

pulmonary edema/ pulmonary hypertension

Question 65

Pulmonary Edema and hypertension in CHF causes what two symptoms?

Answer 65

Exertional Dyspnea and Orthopnea

Question 66

In CHF, blood backs up to the Right Atrium into the superior vena cava and causes

Answer 66

pulsation of jugular veins

Question 67

In CHF, blood backs up into the Right Atrium into the Inferior vena cava and causes

Answer 67

back up into the liver and legs

Question 68

What is the "bag of worms "of the pudendal vein seen in CHF called?

Answer 68

Varicocele

Question 69

What is the longest vein used for bypasses?

Answer 69

Great Saphenous vein

Question 70

What is the most superficial vein?

Answer 70

Small/lesser saphenous

Question 71

What is the order of backflow of blood from the liver in CHF?

Answer 71

IVC → hepatic v. → Liver → Central v. → portal v. → abdomen

Question 72

Which two veins make up the portal vein?

Answer 72

superior mesenteric v. and Splenic/Lineal v.

Question 73

Ascites or fluid in the abdomen is caused by

Answer 73

Portal Hypertension and Alcoholism

Question 74

What is the most common cause of liver failure?

Answer 74

Alcoholism

Question 75

What syndrome involves vomiting of blood due to alcoholism?

Answer 75

Mallory Weiss syndrome

Question 76

Liver failure due to alcoholism causes

Answer 76

Esophageal varices and hematemesis

Question 77

B1 (Thiamin) deficiency due to alcoholism can | lead to

Answer 77

Wernicke-Korsakoff Psychosis