Heart Flashcards
(20 cards)
The cardiovascular system has two major divisions: a ______, which carries blood to the lungs for gas exchange and returns to the heart, and a ______, which supplies oxygenated blood to every organ of the body, including other parts of the lungs and walls of the heart itself.
Pulmonary Circuit (Right side)
Systemic Circuit (Left side)
The heart lies within a thick partition called the ______ between the two lungs.
Mediastinum
The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the ______.
Pericardium
The outer wall of the pericardium is a tough fibrous sac called ______. It surrounds the heart but isn’t attached to it.
Fibrous Pericardium
Deep to the fibrous pericardium is a thin membrane called the ______. It has two layers: a ______ that lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium, and a ______ that adheres to the heart surface and forms the outermost layer of the heart itself, the ______.
Serous pericardium
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
Epicardium
The heart wall has three layers: ______, ______, and ______.
Epicardium
Endocardium
Myocardium
The ______ is a serious membrane of the external heart surface. It consists mainly of a simple squamous epithelium overlying a thin layer of areolar tissue.
Epicardium
The ______ lines the interior of the heart chambers. It covers the valve surfaces and is continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels.
Endocardium
The ______ between these two is composed of cardiac muscle. This is the thickest and performs the work of the heart.
Myocardium
The heart has four chambers: two superior chambers right and left ______ (the receiving chambers for blood returning to the heart by way of the great veins, and two inferior chambers the right and left ______ (pumps that eject blood into the arteries and keep it flowing around the body).
Atria
Ventricles
The right and left atria are separated by a wall called the ______.
Interatrial septum
The right and left ventricles are separated by a thick muscular wall, the ______.
Interventricular septum
The ______ regulate the openings between the atria and ventricles.
Atrioventricular (AV) vavles
The right AV valve also known as the ______ has three cusps.
Tricuspid valve
The left AV valve also known as the ______, has only two cusps.
Mitral valve (bicuspid)
The ______ valves (pulmonary and aortic) regulate the flow of blood from the ventricles into the great arteries.
Semilunar valves
The ______ controls the opening from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk.
Pulmonary valve
The ______ controls the opening from the left ventricle into the aorta.
Aortic valve
______ of blood pumped by the heart is pumped to the heart itself through the coronary circulation to sustain its strenuous workload; it needs ______ of blood per min.
5%
250 ml
An interruption of blood supply to any part of the myocardium can cause ______ or ______.
Myocardial infarction
Heart attack
