Hemological Flashcards
(33 cards)
_________, the rupture of RBCs, releases hemoglobin and leaves empty plasma membranes.
Hemolysis
Erythrocyte production is called _______.
Erythropoiesis
________ occur on the surfaces of all cells and enable the body to distinguish its own cells from foreign matter.
Antigens
Type B blood has _______ antigens on RBCs and ________ antibodies in blood plasma.
B antigens
Anti-A antibodies
Blood Type O has _______ antigen,
________ antibodies, can safely receive ________, and safely donate to ______.
Neither A nor B antigens;
Anti-A or Anti-B antibodies;
Type O;
Type O, A, B, or AB
Type A blood has ______ antigen, and ______ antibody(s), can safely receive type(s) ______, and safely donate to ______.
A antigen;
Anti-B antibodies;
Receive types O & A;
Donate types A & AB
Blood type B has ______ antigen, and ______ antibodies, can safely receive type(s) ______, and safely donate to type(s) ______.
B antigen;
Anti-A antibody;
Receive types O & B;
Donate B & AB
Blood type AB has ______ antigen, and ______ antibodies, can safely receive type(s) ______, and safely donate to type(s) ______.
Both A & B antigens;
Neither A nor B antibodies;
Receive types O, A, B, or AB;
Donate to type AB
When the body detects an antigen of foreign origin, it activates an immune response. This response consists partly of the plasma cells, secreting proteins called ______.
Antibodies
Each antibody molecule binds to two or more foreign cells and sticks them together. This is called ______.
Agglutination
When a person with type A (anti-B) blood is given a transfusion of type B (anti-A) or AB (neither), ______ occurs causing blockages.
Transfusion Reaction
______ is due to cancer of the erythropoietic line of the red bone marrow. It can result in an RBC count as high as 11 million RBCs/uL and a hematocrit high as 80%.
Primary polycythemia
(Polycythemia vera)
Polycythemia from all other causes, called ______, is characterized by RBC counts as high as 6 to 8 million RBCs/uL. It can result from dehydration because water is lost from the bloodstream while erythrocytes remain and become abnormally concentrated.
Secondary Polycythemia
______ anemia is caused from bleeding.
Hemorrhagic anemia
Inadequate erythropoiesis or hemoglobin synthesis is known as ______.
Anemia
______ anemia is from RBC destruction.
Hemolytic anemia
Nutritional anemia results from a dietary deficiency; it’s most common form is ______ anemia.
Iron-deficiency anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency also causes anemia, it occurs when glands of the stomach fail to produce a substance called ______ that the small intestine needs to absorb the vitamin.
Intrinsic factor
An autoimmune disease in which antibodies destroy stomach tissue is called ______.
Pernicious anemia
______ is caused by a decline in erythropoiesis.
Hypoplastic anemia
The complete failure or destruction of the myeloid tissue produces ______, which leads to grotesque tissue necrosis and blackening of the skin.
Aplastic anemia
______ doesn’t bind oxygen very well. At low oxygen concentrations, it becomes deoxygenated, polymerizes, and forms a gel that makes erythrocytes become elongated and pointed at the ends, hence the name of the disease.
Sickle-cell disease
What are the three functions of the circulatory system?
1) Transport
2) Protection
3) Regulation
The production of blood, especially formed elements, is called ______.
Hematopoiesis
