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biology paper1 > heart > Flashcards

heart Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of circulatory systems?

A

single
double

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2
Q

what happens in a fishes single circulatory systems?

A
  1. deoxygenated blood is pumped from heart to gills where it becomes oxygenated
  2. oxygenated blood passes from the gills to the organs where O2 diffuses out of blood into body cells
  3. deoxygenated blood returns to heart
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3
Q

what is the problem with single circulatory system?

A

blood looses lots of pressure before reaching organs –> travels to organs relatively slowly

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4
Q

what circulatory system do humans have?

A

double

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5
Q

what happenes in a double circulatory system?

A
  1. deoxygenated blood pumps from heart to lungs where it collects oxygen
  2. oxygenated blood returns to heart
  3. heart pumps oxygenated blood to organs where oxygen is transferred to body cells
  4. blood returns to heart
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6
Q

what is the benefit of a double circulatory system?

A

blood passes through heart twice so can travel rapidly

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7
Q

what are the names of the four chambers?

A
  1. right atrium
  2. left atrium
  3. right ventricle
  4. left ventricle
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8
Q

what brings oxygenated blood into the heart?

A

vena cava

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9
Q

how does the blood get from heart to lungs?

A

pulmonary artery

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10
Q

how does the blood get from lungs to heart?

A

pulmonary vein

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11
Q

how does blood get from heart to rest of body?

A

aorta

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12
Q

what is the blood flow pattern?

A
  1. blood enters left atrium + right atrium
  2. atria contract and blood is forced into the ventricles
  3. ventricles contract and forces blood out of the heart
  4. valves stop the blood from flowing backwards when ventricles contract
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13
Q

what is different about the walls of the left side of the heart?

A

thicker muscular walls as it has to pump the blood all around the body therefore needing a greater force

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14
Q

where are coronary arteries found?

A

branch out from aorta and spread out onto the heart muscle

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15
Q

what is the purpose of coronary arteries?

A

provide oxygen to muscle cells in heart

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16
Q

why do the muscle cells in heart need oxygen

A

used for respiration to provide energy for contraction

17
Q

what is the word equation for respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen –> water + carbon dioxide (+ energy)

18
Q

what is the balanced symbol equation for respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

19
Q

how is natural resting heart rate controlled?

A

pacemaker

20
Q

where is ur pacemaker found?

A

right atrium

21
Q

what happens if ur pacemaker doesn’t work?

A

doctors can insert an artificial one

22
Q

what is an artificial pacemaker?

A

small electrical device
corrects irregular heart rate

biology paper1 (10 decks)

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