Heart

Question 1

Pericardium

Answer 1

fibroserous sac that surrounds heart

Question 2

Fibrous Pericardium

Answer 2

outside sac
attaches to sternum via pericardiacophrenic ligament
attaches to sternum via sternopericardial ligament

Question 3

Serous Pericardium

Answer 3

inside sac
Parietal layer
Visceral Layer: outer layer of heart known as epicardium

Question 4

Pericardial Cavity

Answer 4

potential space between parietal and visceral layers, allows heart to move freely

Question 5

Wall of Heart

Answer 5

Epicardium- visceral serous pericardium
Myocardium- cardiac muscle
Endocardium- smooth endothelial layer that lines heart and valves

Question 6

Fibrous Skeleton

Answer 6

4 fibrous rings, surround orifices of valves

attachment for myocardium of atria & ventricles
provides attachment for cardiac valves
provides electrical insulation between atria and ventricles

Question 7

Apex of Heart

Answer 7

Tip of left vetricle, in 5th intercostal space, between 5th and 6th ribs

Question 8

Base of Heart

Answer 8

formed by left atrium, posterior side of heart

Question 9

Right Border

Answer 9

right atrium, extending between SVC & IVC

Question 10

Left Border

Answer 10

primarily left ventricle, some of left atrium

Question 11

Inferior Border

Answer 11

primarily right ventricle and some left ventricle

Question 12

Superior Border

Answer 12

jxn where great vessels enter and leave heart

Question 13

Sternocostal (anterior) surface

Answer 13

mostly right ventircle

Question 14

Diaphragmatic (inferior) surface

Answer 14

mostly left ventricle and partially right ventircle

Question 15

Right Atrium

Answer 15

SVC/IVC
opening coronary sinus
fossa ovalis
tricuspid valve

Question 16

Right Ventricle

Answer 16

tricuspid
papillary muscle/chordae tendinae
pulmonary valve

Question 17

Left Atrium

Answer 17

Foramen ovale

4 opening of pulmonary veins

Question 18

Left Ventricle

Answer 18

Bicuspid valve
papillary muscle/chordae tendinae
aortic valve

Question 19

Great Vessicle

Answer 19

SVC
IVC
Pulmonary Trunk
Right/left pulmonary veins
Aorta

Question 20

Superior Vena Cava

Answer 20

returns blood back to right atrium from areas superior to diaphragm (except from heart and lungs)

Question 21

Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 21

return blood back to the right atrium from areas inferior the diaphragum

Question 22

Pulmonary Trunk

Answer 22

Sends unoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs

Question 23

Right/Left pulmonary veins

Answer 23

returns oxygenated blood back to the left atrium from the lungs

Question 24

Aorta

Answer 24

sends blood to body from left venticle

Question 25

Brachiocephalic Trunk

Answer 25

gives rise to the CCA and right subclavian vein

Question 26

Tricuspid Valve

Answer 26

located between right atrium and right ventircle chordae tendineae and papillary muscle anchor cusps of the valve auscultate along left sternal border at 5th intercostal space

Question 27

Pulmonary Valve (right semilunar valve)

Answer 27

located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk auscultate along left 2nd intercostal

Question 28

Bicuspid Valve

Answer 28

located between left atrium and left ventricle chordae tendineae and papillary muscles anchor cusps of the valve auscultate along apex (5th intercostal space)

Question 29

Aortic Valve (left semulunar valve)

Answer 29

located between left ventricle and the aorta auscultate along right 2nd intercostal space

Question 30

Coronary Arteries

Answer 30

arise from the base of the aorta right coronary artery (RCA) left coronary artery (LCA) Coronary Sinus

Question 31

RCA (right coronary artery)

Answer 31

supplies rigth atrium & ventricle nodal branches supply SA and AV nodes marginal branch of RCA is portion that supplies the right ventricle posterior interventricular artery (right posterior descending)

Question 32

LCA (left coronary artery)

Answer 32

divides into anterior interventricular artery and crcumflex artery anterior interventricular artery (LAD)- supplies R/L ventricles and majority of interventricular septum Circumflex artery- supplies left atrium and ventricle, marginal branch is portion that supplies left ventricle

Question 33

Coronary Sinus

Answer 33

most of the cardiac veins drain into the coronary sinus - coronary drains directly into the roght atrium - great, middle, small cardiac veins and oblique vein of the left atrium all empty into coronary sinus - anterior cardiac veins and smallest cardiac veins empty directly into the right atrium

Question 34

Conducting System of Heart

Answer 34

``` SA node AV node AV bundle (oh his) L/R bundle branch Purkinjie fibers ```

Question 35

Sympathetic Innervation of the Heart

Answer 35

Sympathetic cervicle and thoracic sympathetic trunks, innervate atria and ventricles fxn- increase HR and contractility

Question 36

Parasympathetic Innervation of the Heart

Answer 36

innervate atria | decrease HR and contractility