abdomin part 1

Question 1

RUQ

Answer 1

(i) Liver/gallbladder,
(ii) pylorus of stomach, duodenum, large intestine – ascending & R ½ of transverse
(iii) head of pancreas
(iv) R kidney

Question 2

LUQ

Answer 2

(i) L lobe of liver, jejunum & proximal ileum, large intestine – descending & L ½ of transverse
(ii) spleen
(iii) body & tail of pancreas
(iv) L kidney

Question 3

RLQ

Answer 3

(i) Cecum, inferior portion of ascending LI, appendix
(ii) R ureter, bladder (if distended)
(iii) Some reproductive structures
1. Female: R ovary, R uterine tube, uterus if enlarged
2. Male: spermatic cord – abdominal part

Question 4

LLQ

Answer 4

(i) Sigmoid colon, inferior portion of descending LI,
(ii) L ureter, bladder (if distended)
(iii) Some reproductive structures
1. Female: L ovary, L uterine tube, uterus if enlarged
2. Male: spermatic cord – abdominal part

Question 5

parietal layer of peritoneum

Answer 5

lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 6

visceral layer

Answer 6

covers the gastrointestinal structures

Question 7

external oblique

Answer 7

(i) O: ribs 5-12 (external surfaces)
(ii) I: linea alba, pubic tubercle and anterior ½ of iliac crest
(iii) N: thoracic nerves (T5-12) Note: T12 is named the subcostal nerve
(iv) A: flex & rotate trunk, compress viscera (assists with expiration), support viscera/spine
(v) NOTE: inferior aponeuroses folds back on itself to form the inguinal ligament

Question 8

Internal oblique

Answer 8

(i) O: thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral ½ of inguinal ligament
(ii) I: ribs 10- 12, linea alba, pectin pubis
(iii) N: thoracic nerves (T6-12) and first lumbar nerves
(iv) A: flex & rotate trunk, compress viscera (assists with expiration), support viscera/spine

Question 9

Transverse abdominal

Answer 9

(i) O: costal cartilage of ribs 7 –12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
(ii) I: linea alba, pectin pubis, pubic crest
(iii) N: thoracic nerves (T6-12) and first lumbar nerves
(iv) A: compress viscera (assists with expiration), support viscera/spine

Question 10

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 10

(i) O: costal cartilage of ribs 5 - 7, xiphoid process
(ii) I: pubic symphysis and pubic crest
(iii) N: thoracic nerves (T6-12)
(iv) A: flexes trunk, compress viscera (assists with expiration), support viscera/spine

Question 11

above the arcuate line

Answer 11

porsterior portion of the rectus sheath covers the rectus abdominis

Question 12

below arcuate line

Answer 12

rectus sheath travels anterior to rectus abdominis

Question 13

indirect inguinal hernias

Answer 13

bowel protrudes through deep ring and descends though canal

Question 14

Direct inguinal hernia

Answer 14

protrudes through anterior wall

most common hasselback’s triangle

Question 15

Parietal layer of peritoneum

Answer 15

lines internal walls of abdominopelvic cavity

Question 16

visceral layer of peritoneum

Answer 16

lines abdominal viscera

Question 17

mesentary of peritoneum

Answer 17

dbl layer fold of peritoneum d/t invaginating on the peritoneum

suspends/connects organs to posterior abd wall

contains blood vessels, lymphtics, vessels and nerves`

Question 18

foregut

Answer 18

oropharynx to hepatopancreatic ampulla

blood supply–> celiac trunk

Question 19

midgut

Answer 19

hepatopancreatic ampulla to distal 1/3 of transverse colon

blood supply–> superior mesenteric artery

Question 20

hindgut

Answer 20

distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anus

blood supply–> inferior mesenteric artery

Question 21

ligament of trietz

Answer 21

loops over esophageal hiatus in diaphragm
peritoneal fold at junction of duodenum and jejunum

serves as signaling mechanism–> tells distal sphincters to be active or not active (bolus goes through, tugs on ligaments to let it know its coming)

Question 22

where is the jejunum

Answer 22

LUQ

Question 23

where is the ileum

Answer 23

RLQ

terminates at the ileocecal valve

Question 24

which ligaments anchor the spleen down

Answer 24

gastrosplenic ligament (stomach–>spleen)

splenorenal ligament (spleen–> kidney)

Question 25

function of spleen

Answer 25

filter RBC's store platelets protects against infection, produces IgM

Question 26

Diverticulitits

Answer 26

inflammation or rupture (perf) of the diverticula (abnormal sacs or pouches in l.intestine)

Question 27

Diverticulosis

Answer 27

weakening of intestinal wall, and small balloon like pockets are formed

Question 28

taeniae coli

Answer 28

3 bands of longitudinal muscle, converge at appendix

Question 29

haustra

Answer 29

sacculations of large intestines formed by contractions of the taeniae coli

Question 30

complications of a splenectomy

Answer 30

atelactasis, thrombocytosis (increased platelets) | increased risk for thrombus formation

Question 31

main pancreatic duct (of wirsung)

Answer 31

joins with bile duct=hepatopancreatic ampulla, opens into descending portion of dueodenum

Question 32

Pancreas function

Answer 32

endocrine--> glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide exocrine--> digestive enzymes

Question 33

what suspends liver in peritoneal cavity

Answer 33

falciform ligament--> peritoneal fold attaches to anterior abd wall (also splits liver into r and l lobes) lesser omentum--> peritoneal fold attaches to lesser curvature of stomach

Question 34

Cantiles line

Answer 34

imaginary line between the gall bladder and IVC | demarcate functional devision

Question 35

Functional right lobe

Answer 35

the anatomical right lobe

Question 36

Functional left lobe

Answer 36

anatomical left lobe | portions of the anatomical right lobe (quadrate and caudate lobe)

Question 37

5 functions of the liver

Answer 37

``` filter toxins, drugs, hormones, blood cells metabolises carbs, proteins and fats releases hormones has role in activating vit D synthesis and secreton of bile ```

Question 38

how does liver get oxygen

Answer 38

Hepatic artery--> direct arterial blood supply (30%) Portal vein--> oxygen poor blood (70%)

Question 39

portal HTN

Answer 39

cirrhosis impairs blood flow through liver blood will anastomosis to get to IVC anastomosis--> esophagus, rectum, epigastric veins esophagus: esophageal varices rectum: hemorrhoids epigastric veins: caput medusae (dilated superficial veins in abdominal wall)

Question 40

What does the celiac trunk supply

Answer 40

``` esophagus stomach proximal duodenum liver/gall bladder pancrease spleen ```

Question 41

what does the superior mesenteric artery supply

Answer 41

``` small intestines large intestines (cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon ```