Heart

Question 1

Where is the heart located?

Answer 1

Between two lungs in the thoracic cavity, 2/3 left of the midline.

Question 2

What is the pointed end of the heart? What is it formed by?

Answer 2

Apex, formed by left ventricle, and rest of the diaphragm.

Question 3

The heart is located within the Mediastinum, what is the mediastinum?

Answer 3

Anatomical region that includes all visceral organs within the thoracic cavity except for lungs.

Question 4

Membrane that surrounds and protects the heart and holds it in place?

Answer 4

Pericardium

Question 5

What two parts does the Pericardium consist of?

Answer 5

Fibrous pericardium & serous pericardium.

Question 6

Dense tough connective tissue that prevents overstretching of the heart, anchors heart in place.

Answer 6

Pericardium

Question 7

Movement of the diaphragm as in deep breathing, facilitated what movement?

Answer 7

Movement of blood by the heart.

Question 8

Thinner more delicate membrane that forms double layer around heart?

Answer 8

Serous pericardium

Question 9

Where are the two parts of the serous pericardium located?

Answer 9

Partial layer- fused to fibrous pericardium.

Epicardium- inner visceral layer adheres tightly to heart.

Question 10

Visceral layers of the serous pericardium is a thin film of lubricating fluid. Reduces friction between the membranes as the heart moves.

Answer 10

Pericardial fluid

Question 11

Space that contains pericardial fluid?

Answer 11

Pericardial cavity

Question 12

Inflammation of the pericardium?

Answer 12

Pericarditis

Question 13

Thin transparent outer layer of the heart?

Answer 13

Epicardium

Question 14

Consist of cardiac muscle tissue, which constitutes the bulk of the heart. (Middle layer).

Answer 14

Myocardium

Question 15

Myocardium function?

Answer 15

Pump action of the heart

Question 16

Two separate networks via gap junctions in intercalated disc?

Answer 16

Atrial and ventricular

Question 17

Thin layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines the inside of the myocardium?

Answer 17

Endocardium

Question 18

How many chambers does the heart consist of?

Answer 18

4 chambers

Question 19

What are the two upper chambers and two lower chambers of the heart?

Answer 19

Atria and ventricles

Question 20

Thin partition between right and left atrium?

Answer 20

Interstitial septum

Question 21

Oval depression tenant of foramen ovalis?

Answer 21

Fossa Ovalis

Question 22

Opening in the fetal heart that directs blood from the right to left atrium in order bypass the non functioning fetal lungs?

Answer 22

Foramen ovals

Question 23

Separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle?

Answer 23

Interventricular septum

Question 24

Pouchlike structure on the anterior surface of each atrium, resembles dog ears.

Answer 24

Auricle

Question 25

Increases the capacity of an atrium so it can hold greater volume of blood.

Answer 25

Auricle

Question 26

Encircles most of the heart and marks the boundary between the superior atria and inferior ventricles.

Answer 26

Coronary sulcus

Question 27

External boundary between two chambers of the heart?

Answer 27

Sulci

Question 28

Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from?

Answer 28

Superior and inferior vena Cavs

Question 29

Drains heart muscle veins?

Answer 29

Coronary sinus

Question 30

Function of superior and inferior vena cava?

Answer 30

Bring me blood from above and below heart.

Question 31

Great vessels of heart- Right

Answer 31

Superior and inferior vena Cavs delivers deoxygenated blood to R. atrium to the R. Ventricle. Pumps through Pulmonary trunk to R & L Pulmonary arteries to the lungs.

Question 32

Great Vessels of heart- Left

Answer 32

Pulmonary veins from lungs receive oxygenated blood to L.atrium to L. ventricle to ascending aorta to the body.

Question 33

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?

Answer 33

Arteries

Question 34

Structure between Pulmonary trunk and arch of the aorta?

Answer 34

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 35

Blood vessel in fetal circulation that allows most blood to bypass the nonfunctional fetal lungs?

Answer 35

Ductus arteriosus

Question 36

Prevents blood back flow in response to pressure changes?

Answer 36

Valve

Question 37

Valve between sat round and ventricles?

Answer 37

Atrioventricular valve

Question 38

Right valve

Answer 38

Tricuspid valve ( 3 cups)

Question 39

Left valve ?

Answer 39

Bicuspid valve

Question 40

Semilunar valves near origin of aorta pulmonary trunk. What are there functions?

Answer 40

Pulmonary valve and aortic valve. Prevent blood from flowing back into the heart.

Question 41

Connect the pointed ends to the papillary muscle.

Answer 41

Chordae tendineae

Question 42

Cardiac muscle projections located on the inner surface of the ventricles?

Answer 42

Papillary muscles

Question 43

Narrowing of aortic valve is known as?

Answer 43

Aortic stenosis

Question 44

Blackflow of blood from aorta into left ventricle is known as?

Answer 44

Aortic insuffiency

Question 45

May damage heart valves, caused by streptococcal infection?

Answer 45

Rheumatic

Question 46

Deoxygenated blood flows through coronary sinus and empties into the right atrium.

Answer 46

Coronary sinus

Question 47

Reduced blood flow to the heart ( results in hypoxia).

Answer 47

Myocardial ischemia

Question 48

“ strangled heart” tightness or squeezing in the chest with referred pain pattern into neck, chin, and left arm.

Answer 48

Angina pectoris

Question 49

No pain prior to heart attack.

Answer 49

Silent myocardial ischemia

Question 50

Recording of currents from cardiac conduction on skin.

Answer 50

Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)

Question 51

Small upward deflection on ECG, it represents atrail depolarization. Contraction begins right after peak.

Answer 51

P wave

Question 52

Represents onset of ventricular depolarization. Contraction of a ventricle.

Answer 52

QRS complex

Question 53

Indicates ventricular depolarization, just after ventricles relax.

Answer 53

T-Wave

Question 54

Uncoordinated contraction of the atrial muscles.

Answer 54

Atrial fibrillation

Question 55

Phase of contraction

Answer 55

Systole

Question 56

Phase of relaxation

Answer 56

Diastole

Question 57

Blood pressure readings are systolic over diastolic

Answer 57

(120/80 mmHg)

Question 58

How long does a cardiac cycle last?

Answer 58

Total seconds= 0.8 sec

Question 59

The atria are contracting, at the same time, the ventricles are relaxed.

Answer 59

Atrial systole

Question 60

Ventricles are contracting, at the same time, the atria are relaxed.

Answer 60

Ventricular systole

Question 61

End-diastolic volume - end systolic volume=

Answer 61

Stroke volume

Question 62

Lubb- 1st heart sound=

Answer 62

AV valves closing at the beginning of ventricular systole.

Question 63

Dupp-2nd heart sound=

Answer 63

Semilunar valves closing at the end of ventricular systole.

Question 64

Relaxation period=

Answer 64

Pause

Question 65

Lubb - Dupp=

Answer 65

Pause

Question 66

Abnormal sound consisting of a clicking rushing or gurgling noise after normal heart sounds.

Answer 66

Heart murmur

Question 67

Heart is a failing pump. It pumps blood less and less effectively, leaving more blood in the ventricles at the end of each cycle.

Answer 67

Congestive heart failure(CHf)

Question 68

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

Answer 68

Bicuspid valve

Question 69

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 69

Tricuspid valve

Question 70

Chamber that pumps blood to the lungs

Answer 70

Right ventricle

Question 71

Chamber that pumps blood into aorta

Answer 71

Left ventricle

Question 72

Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

Answer 72

Left atrium

Question 73

Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Answer 73

Right atrium

Question 74

Valve between the left ventricle and aorta

Answer 74

Aortic valve

Question 75

Valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Answer 75

Pulmonary valve