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Anantomy > Quizlet Heart > Flashcards

Quizlet Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The cardiac cycle is regulated by what?

A

the medulla oblongata

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2
Q

Tension in the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles during ventricular systole prevent what?

A

eversion of the AV valves

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3
Q

The closing of the semilunar valves produces what?

A

the second heart sound

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4
Q

Veins in the myocardium drain into what?

A

the coronary sinus

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5
Q

The left ventricle refills with blood in preparation for initiation of the next cardiac cycle during what?

A

ventricular diastole

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6
Q

The first heart sound is associated with both atrioventricular valves closing during what?

A

ventricular systole

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7
Q

Nerve impulses that reach the heart by means of the vagus nerve are parasympathetic and cause what?

A

Decreased heart rate

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8
Q

The atrioventricular node is located where?

A

in the interatrial septum

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9
Q

The cardiac impulse spreads into the mass of the ventricular muscle tissue from what?

A

the purkinje fibers

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10
Q

Within the heart, there is a delay in impulse transmission at the AV node in order to allow time for what?

A

ventricular filling

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11
Q

The outer layer of the heart, called the epicardium, is also the inner visceral layer of what?

A

the pericardium

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12
Q

During exercise, increased muscle contraction helps return more blood to the heart. This would lead to what?

A

increased stroke volume

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13
Q

True or false: Within limits, the more the heart is stretched as it fills during systole, the greater
the force of contraction during diastole.

A

False

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14
Q

What muscle fibers are connected by intercalated discs?

A

Cardiac muscle fibers

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15
Q

What muscle fibers have longer contraction and refractory periods than skeletal muscle fibers?

A

Cardiac muscle fibers

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16
Q

What muscle fibers conduct action potentials through gap junctions?

A

Cardiac muscle fibers

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17
Q

What muscles of the heart help prevent the atrioventricular valve from protruding into the atria when the ventricles contract?

A

the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles

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18
Q

The two atria contract together and then the two ventricles contract together during what?

A

Normal heart action

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19
Q

Heart sounds are produced by what?

A

Closure of heart valves

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20
Q

Heart rate and strength of contraction are controlled by what?

A

the cardiovascular center

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21
Q

Ventricles exceeding the pressure in the aorta and pulmonary trunk cause what?

A

the opening of the semilunar valves

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22
Q

What is the blood supply to the myocardium called?

A

coronary circulation

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23
Q

What law of the heart is important in maintaining equal blood output from both ventricles?

A

the frank-starling law

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24
Q

The frank-starling law of the heart is important in maintaining equal blood output from what?

A

Both ventricles

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25
Q

True or false: The semilunar valves are open in the cardiac cycle during ventricular filling.

A

False

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26
Q

What equals stroke volume (SV) X heart rate (HR)?

A

Cardiac output

27
Q

True or false: A drop in blood pressure would cause baroreceptors to stimulate the cardiovascular center to increase parasympathetic impulses.

A

False

28
Q

Would a sympathetic stimulation of the sinoatrial (SA) node would cause the heart rate to speed up or slow down?

A

Speed up

29
Q

Would a decrease in blood pressure would cause the heart rate to speed up or slow down?

A

Speed up

30
Q

Would a parasympathetic stimulation of the hearts conduction system cause the heart rate to speed up or slow down?

A

Slow down

31
Q

Would a stimulation of the vagus (CN X/10) nerve cause the heart rate to speed up or slow down?

A

Slow down

32
Q

A valve disorder may cause what?

A

Heart murmur

33
Q

Cardiac tamponade is another name for what?

A

Heart compression

34
Q

A decrease in the blood supply to a bodily organ, tissue, or part caused by constriction or obstruction of the blood vessels is called what?

A

ischemia

35
Q

What is the medical term for a heart attack?

A

myocardial infarction

36
Q

What is the medical term for heart chamber relaxation

A

Diastole

37
Q

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is also part of what?

A

Epicardium

38
Q

What is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles?

A

the atrioventricular (AV) bundle

39
Q

What causes contraction of the atria?

A

atrial depolorization

40
Q

This marks the boundary between the ventricles

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus

41
Q

This network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart

A

Conduction system

42
Q

This layer of the artery is composed mainly of elastic and collagen fibers

A

Outer layer

43
Q

This artery supplies blood to the cardiac muscle

A

Coronary artery

44
Q

An increase in which of the following results in increased filtration from capillaries to the interstitial space?

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

45
Q

Venous return to the heart is enhanced by all the following except

A

Vasodilation

46
Q

AV node times/min

A

40-60 times/min

47
Q

In ventricle times/min

A

20-35 times/min

48
Q

Cardiac cycle total seconds

A

0.8 sec

49
Q

The usual rhythm of heartbeats, established by the SA node, is called

A

Normal sinus rhythm

50
Q

Atrial systole

A

0.1 sec, atria contract at the same time as ventricles

51
Q

Ventricular systole

A

0.3 sec, ventricles contract while atria relax

52
Q

Relaxation period

A

0.4 sec, atria and ventricles relaxed

53
Q

When ventricular pressure drops below atrial pressure, AV valves open, what begins ?

A

Ventricular filling

54
Q

Volume of blood ejected per minute from the left ventricle is?

A

Cardiac output (CO)

55
Q

If increase in blood pressure baroreceptors send nerve impulses to nerve (IX) and (X). Sending out what type of neurons?

A

Parasympathetic

56
Q

Detect blood levels of chemicals such as O2, CO2 and H+

A

Chemoreceptors

57
Q

Fluttering of heart or abnormal rate of rhythm of the heart?

A

Palpitation

58
Q

Cessation of an effective heartbeat, heart completely stops

A

Cardiac arrest

59
Q

Rings of smooth muscle where capillaries branch from arterioles

A

Precapillary sphincters

60
Q

When blood volume falls or blood flow to the kidneys decrease what is released ?

A

Renin

61
Q

Dehydration or decreased blood volume what is released?

A

(ADH)

62
Q

Lowers blood pressure by causing vasodilation and promoting the loss of salt and water in urine.

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

63
Q

The alternate expansion and elastic recoil of an artery after each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle is called a ..

A

Pulse

Anantomy (12 decks)

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