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Biology 3715 Final Exam (9,10,17,18,19,20) > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

constant motion of a fluid

A

flow

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2
Q

physical force required to create flow through any tube

A

pressure

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3
Q

pressure and force have an inverse relationship

A

boyle’s law

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4
Q

difference between area of high pressure and area of low pressure

A

pressure gradient

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5
Q

prevent backflow and ensure one-directional flow of blood

A

valve

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6
Q

the heart is a double___

A

pump

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7
Q

Decreases chamber volume

Increases chamber pressure

A

Contraction

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8
Q

Increases chamber volume

Decreases chamber pressure

A

relaxation

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9
Q

What is this?

___ and ___ pumps work in ____.

They are connected to each other and highly ____.

___ and ___ together

Pumps roughly the same volume of ___.

A

coordination of the beating heart

pulmonary
systematic
parallel

coordinated

contracts
relax

blood

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10
Q

The heart is located in the __ ___,Protected by the ____.

A

Thoracic Cavity

Pericardium

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11
Q

outer layer, made of dense regular connective tissue

A

fibrous pericardium

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12
Q

double-layered, pericardial fluid-filled membrane

A

Serous pericardium

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13
Q

outermost layer, in contact with fibrous pericardium

A

parietal layer

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14
Q

surrounds and is continuous with surface of the heart

A

Visceral layer

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15
Q

The heart is a ___ organ

A

multilayer

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16
Q

Multilayers: (3)

A

Epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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17
Q

outermost layer, made of loose areolar connective and adipose tissue

A

epicardium

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18
Q

thickest layer, contains cardiomyocytes and cardiac skeleton

A

myocardium

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19
Q

deepest layer, made of simple squamous endothelial tissue

A

endocardium

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20
Q

Heart has four chambers:

Two upper chambers known as ____
Two lower chambers known as ____

Left and right side are separated by _____

Left atrium + left ventricle = ____ ___ (pumps _____blood)

Right atrium + right ventricle = ___ ____ (pumps _____ blood)

Study These Flashcards
A

atria

ventricles

cardiac septum

systematic pump
oxygenated

pulmonary pump
deoxygenated

21
Q

_______ blood enters right atrium from body through superior (upper body) and inferior (lower body) vena cava

Pumped through ____valve to ____ventricle

Blood exits heart through ____ arteries into ____ circulation

_____ blood returns through pulmonary____into the ____ atrium

Pumped through ____ valve into ___ ventricle

Blood exits heart through ____ into ____ circulation

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A

De-oxygenated

tricuspid
right

pulmonary
pulmonary

oxygen-rich
veins
left

mitral
left

aorta
systematic

22
Q

small hole that allows blood to bypass the right ventricle, moving directly between right atrium and left atrium

Study These Flashcards
A

foramen ovale

23
Q

connects pulmonary trunk to aorta

Study These Flashcards
A

ductus arteriosus

24
Q

Have a single, centrally-located ____

__ and __

Myofilaments are arranged into ____

___ are less pronounced

Myofibrils are ___ and_____ in size

Have great abundance of ___

Resist fatigue through ___ metabolism

Being to die after a few minutes without __

Sarcoplasmic reticulum lacks ____

Membranes are ____ together

Entire tissue functions together (___) and is ____

Study These Flashcards
A

features of cardiomyocytes

nucleus

short
wide
sarcomere

striations

branched
variable

mitochondria

aerobic

O2

cisternae

fused

syncytium
auto rhythmic

25
Action Potential in Contractile Cardiomyocytes (5)
0. Resting Membrane 1. Depolarization 2. Transient Repolarization 3. Plateau Phase 4. Rapid Repolarization
26
Typically between -80 mV and -90 mV Created from continuous efflux of K+ through inward rectifier potassium channels (KIR) Also small amount of Ca2+ and Na+ permeability Na/K/ATPase serves to maintain concentration gradients
Resting membrane
27
Similar to the process in skeletal muscle Voltage-gated fast sodium channels (Naf) are activated, allowing influx of positively-charged sodium ions
Depolarization
28
Voltage-gated sodium channels rapidly inactivate at the peak of the action potential Sodium permeability decreases Cardiomyocytes go into a refractory period Membrane potential begins to hyperpolarize due to transient outward current from potassium channels
Transient Repolarization
29
Voltage-gated L-type calcium channels (CaL) open, bringing positively-charged Ca2+ ions into the cell
Plateau Phase
30
L-type calcium channels close Efflux of K+ continues through voltage-gated potassium channels Membrane potential repolarizes to resting state
Rapid Repolarization
31
____ is Due to pacemaker cells
Autorhythmicity
32
Pacemaker Cells (3)
1. Pacemaker potential 2. rapid depolarization 3. Repolarization
33
Delayed rectified channels (KDR) allow constant efflux of K+, steadily increasing membrane potential
Pacemaker Potential
34
Inward sodium (funny current) and transient calcium influx continue depolarization until the threshold of the voltage-gated L-type calcium channel is reached T-type calcium and HCN channels close
Rapid Depolarization
35
L-type calcium channels close at peak of action potential Inward rectifying potassium channels (KIR) open Increased permeability to K+ returns cell to hyperpolarized membrane potential
Repolarization
36
Family of disorders characterized by abnormal electrical activity within the heart
Cardiac Arrhythmias
37
An _____Provides an Electrical Picture of Heart Function
electrocardiogram
38
ECG Leads Are Placed in _____ Formation
Triangle (Einthoven’s Triangle)
39
depolarization of atria
P wave
40
: ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
41
depolarization of septal region of ventricle
Q wave
42
depolarization of anterior region of ventricle
R wave
43
depolarization of inferior portions of ventricle
S wave
44
ventricular repolarization
T wave
45
time required for atrial depolarization and action potential to reach ventricles
P-Q interval:
46
time required for atrial depolarization to propagate through the ventricles
P-R interval:
47
time course of ventricular depolarization
S-T segment
48
combined time required for ventricular depolarization and repolarization
Q-T interval
49
The___ of cardiac contraction is____to the amount of ____ released into the cytoplasm during excitation-contraction coupling
force proportionate calcium

Biology 3715 Final Exam (9,10,17,18,19,20) (8 decks)

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