Heart And Cardiac Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 covering of heart
A
Pericardium
Parietal pericardium:
Visceral pericardium:
Pericardial cavity:
2
Q
What are the 4 covering of heart
A
Pericardium
Parietal pericardium:
Visceral pericardium:
Pericardial cavity:
3
Q
double-layered sac that anchors and protects heart
A
Parietal Pericardium
4
Q
membrane on heart’s surface
A
Visceral pericardium
5
Q
space around heart
A
Pericardial cavity
6
Q
3 heart layers
A
Myocardium
Epicardium
Endocardium
7
Q
surface of heart (outside)
A
Epicardium
8
Q
thick, middle layer composed of cardiac muscle
A
Myocardium
9
Q
smooth, inner surface
A
Endocardium
10
Q
•4 Chambers of heart
A
left atrium (LA)
right atrium (RA)
left ventricle (LV)
right ventricle (RV)
11
Q
separates atria from ventricles
A
Coronary surcus
12
Q
Upper portion; Holding chambers
• Small, thin walled, contract minimally to push blood into ventricles
A
Atria
13
Q
Seprate left and right atria
A
Interatrial septum:
14
Q
Lower portion; Pumping chambers
• Thick, strong walled, contract forcefully to propel blood out of heart
A
Ventricles
15
Q
Separate left and right ventricles
A
Interventricular septum:
16
Q
structures that ensure 1-way blood flow
A
Valves
17
Q
between atria and ventricles
A
Atrioventricular valves (AV):
18
Q
AV valve between RA and RV; 3 cusps
A
Tricuspid valve:
19
Q
AV valve between LA and LV; 2 cusps
A
Bicuspid valve (mitral):
20
Q
What are the two valves in Atrioventricular valves
A
Tricuspid and Bicuspid
21
Q
base of pulmonary trunk
A
Pulmonary
22
Q
base of aorta
A
Aortic
23
Q
attached to AV valve flaps ; support valves
A
Chordae tendinee:
24
Q
What happens when Bicuspid Valve is Open?
A
Blood flows from LA into LV.
Aortic semilunar valve is closed.
• Tension on chordae tendineae is low.
25
What happens when Bicuspid Valve is Closed?
Blood flows from LV into aorta.
Aortic semilunar valve is open.
Tension on chordae tendineae is high.
26
carries blood from heart to lungs
• blood is 02 poor, COz rich
Pulmonary Circuit
RIGHT SIDE OF HEART: Pulmonary circuit
27
receives blood from 3 places:
of lungs where
superior and inferior vena cava and coronary
gas exchange occurs
Sinus
Right atrium
28
drains blood above diaphragm (head, neck, thorax, upper limbs)
Superior vena cava
29
drains blood below diaphragm (abdominopelvic cavity and lower limbs)
Inferior venacava
30
drains blood from myocardium
Coronary sinus
31
carries blood from heart to body
• blood is 02 rich, CO2 poor
Systemic Circuit
LEFT SIDE OF HEART: Systemic circuit:
32
openings (pulmonary veins) that receive blood from lungs
Left atrium
33
opens into aorta
• thicker, contracts more forcefully, higher blood pressure than right ventricle has to get to body
Left ventricle
34
carries blood from Left Ventricle to body
Aorta
35
BLOOD SUPPLIES
supply blood to heart wall
• originate from base of aorta (above aortic semilunar valve)
Coronary arteries
36
has 3 branches
supply blood to anterior heart wall and left ventricle
Left coronary artery
37
originates on right side of aorta o supply blood to right ventricle
Right coronary artery
38
Changes in membrane channels' permeability are responsible for producing action potentials and is called?
pacemaker potential.
39
What are two Depolarization phase:
Nat channels open
- Ca? channels open
40
What are two Depolarization phase:
Nat channels open
- Ca? channels open
41
Na channels close
Ca^2 channels reamain open
Some K channels open
Plateau phase:
42
K + open
Ca^2+ close
Repolarization phase
43
contraction of atria and ventricles by cardiac muscle cells
Conduction System
44
in RA,where action potential originates, functions as pacemaker
large number of Ca?* channels
Sinoatrial node (SA node):
45
Path of Action Potential through Heart
1. SA node
2. AV node (atrioventricular)
3. AV bundle
4. Right and Left Bundle branches
5. Purkinje fibers
46
• record of electrical events in heart
• diagnoses cardiac abnormalities
• uses electrodes
• contains P wave, QRS complex, T wave
Electrocardiogram
47
• Heart is 2 side by side pumps:
Right and left
48
primers for pumps
Atria
49
1. repetitive pumping action which includes contraction and relaxation
2. Cardiac muscle contractions produce pressure changes within heart chambers.
3. Pressure changes are responsible for blood movement.
4. Blood moves from areas of high to low pressure.
Cardiac cycle
50
contraction of atria
Atrial systole:
51
contraction of ventricles
Ventricular systole:
52
relaxation of atria
Atrial diastole:
53
relaxation of ventricles
Ventricular diastole:
54
used to hear lung and heart sounds
Stethoscope
55
First sound____second sound_____
Lubb
Dupp
56
Sounds result from____
opening and closing valves
57
It is due to faulty valves
Murmurs
58
volume of blood pumped per ventricle per contraction
• 70 ml/beat
Stroke volume
59
number of heart beats in 1 min.
72 beats per min
Heart Rate:
60
It is the product of the heart rate (HR) and the stroke volume (SV)
Cardiac output
61
mechanisms contained within heart
Intrinsic Regulation
62
mechanisms contained within heart
Intrinsic Regulation
63
amount of blood that returns to heart
Venous return
64
ventricular walls are stretched at end of diastole
Preload:
65
relationship between preload and stroke volume influences cardiac output (Ex. Exercise increases venous return, preload, stroke volume, and cardiac output)
Starlings Law of the Heart:
66
pressure against which ventricles must pump blood
After load
67
It is mechanisms external to heart
• nervous or chemical regulation
Extrinsic Regulation
68
• mechanism of nervous system which regulates heart function
• keeps heart rate and stroke volume in normal range
• baroreceptors monitor blood pressure in aorta and carotid arteries (carry blood to brain)
•changes in blood pressure cause changes in frequency of action potentials involves medulla oblongata
Baroreceptor Reflex
69
It is oxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein
70
It is un oxygenated oxygen
Pulmonary artery
71
Rv to pulmonary. Called?
Cardiac notch
72
Other name of inhilatio
Inspiration
73
Other name of exhalation
Expiration
74
Other name of exhalation
Expiration
75
LV TO AORTA
Cardiac output
76
What are the 3 carries oxygenated blood
Venacava
Veins
Venule
77
What are the 3 carries oxygenated blood
Venacava
Veins
Venule
78
It is eardown pulse
Caltit pulse
79
It is capitate fosa to ulna
Brachial pulse
80
It is capitate fosa to ulna
Brachial pulse
81
It is pulse in the down of palm
Radial pulse
82
It is pulse in the down of palm
Radial pulse
83
It is pulse in the temporal head
Temporal fosa
84
What are the pulse in upper limb
Temporal pulse
Caltit pulse
Brachial pulse
Radial pulse
85
What are the pulse in upper limb
Temporal pulse
Caltit pulse
Brachial pulse
Radial pulse
86
Pulse in inguinal
Inguinal pulse
87
Pulse in puplitial fosa
Puplitial pulse
88
Metatarsal part pulse
Dorasalis perlis pulse
89
Last pulse that will hear and feel
Apical/Apec pulse in LV
90
Where can check the pulse of babies
Brachial pulse
91
Where can check the adult pulse
Carotive pulse
92
Large vein
Varicous vein
93
Varicous vein of testis
Varicocele
94
Normal vital sign of pulse rate
60-100 bpm
95
Normal VS or respiratory rate
12-20 cpm/bpm
96
High respiratory called?
Low respiratory called?
Tachypnea
Brachypnea
97
Normal blood pressure
12/20 milimeter mercury
98
Normal Blood Temperature
36-37.5 degree celcious
99
Safetest bp
100/80 or 70
110/80 or 70
100
High 80
Hepertension
101
Below 80
Hypotension
102
More than 100
Less 60 bits
Tachycardiac
Brachycardiac
103
Reaction to body
Physiology
104
Disease of problem
Pathology
105
There is backflow and repump
Incopetent valve
106
It is brain blood brain clot
Embolism
107
It is heart workload increase
Stenosis/stiff
108
Heart enlargement
Cardiomegali
