Heart and Central vessels Flashcards by Marie G.

The main function of the ___ is to circulate blood through the body and lungs.
▪ Two separate circulations Located in the mediastinum?

HEART

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Position variance of the heart?

o Body build
o Chest configuration
o Diaphragm level
o Dextrocardia

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area on anterior chest overlying heart and great vessels?

PRECORDIUM

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If the heart and stomach are placed to the right and the liver to
the left, this habitus is termed?

SITUS INVERSUS

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Tough, double-walled, fibrous sac encasing and protecting the
heart?

PERICARDIUM

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Thick, muscular middle layer responsible for pumping?

MYOCARDIUM

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Innermost layer, lining chambers and covering valves?

ENDOCARDIUM

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Two-phases of cardiac cycle?

SYSTOLE AND DIASTOLE

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Ventricles contract.
o Blood is ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta and
from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
o Mitral and tricuspid valves close (first heart sound)?

SYSTOLE

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Mitral and tricuspid valves open.
▪ Blood moves from atria to ventricles (third heart sound).
▪ Ventricles dilate, an energy-requiring effort that draws blood
into the ventricles as the atria contract, thereby
moving blood from the atria to the ventricles.
▪ Atria contract as ventricles almost filled.
▪ Causes complete emptying of atria (fourth heart sound?

DIASTOLE

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Normally diastole is silent event
▪ However, in some conditions, ventricular filling creates
vibrations that can be heard over chest?

S3 (Third heart sound)

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permit the flow of blood in only one direction?

VALVES

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Occurs at end of diastole, at presystole, when ventricle
resistant to filling.
o Atria contract and push blood into noncompliant
ventricle.
o This creates vibrations that are heard as?

S4 (Fourth heart sound)

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Blood circulating through normal cardiac chambers and
valves usually makes no noise.
▪ However, some conditions create turbulent blood flow
and collision currents, much like a pile of stones or
a sharp turn in a stream creates a noisy water flow and r is a gentle, blowing, swooshing sound that
can be heard on chest wall?

MURMURS

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heart is positioned at?

3rd to 6th intercostal cartilage.

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Position of the variance at the person’s?

Body build
o Chest configuration
o Diaphragm level
o Dextrocardia

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Tough, double-walled, fibrous sac encasing and protecting the
heart?

PERICARDIUM

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Thick, muscular middle layer responsible for pumping?

MYOCARDIUM

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Innermost layer, lining chambers and covering valves?

ENDOCARDIUM

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This is the valves that separate atria and ventricles? It is the tricuspid and bicuspid valve?

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AtrioVentricular valves

It is the right AV valve?

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TRICUSPID

Also called as mitral valve, left AV valve?

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BICUSPID

This valves are set between ventricles and arteries?

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SEMILUNAR VALVES

It is a semilunar valve that is in right side of heart?

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PULMONIC VALVE

Semilunar valve that is in the left side of the heart?

AORTIC VALVE

___ : permit the flow of blood in only one direction?

VALVES

To help ensure proper circulation, the heart contracts and relaxes rhythmically, creating a two-phase___?

CARDIAC CYCLE

Two-phase of cardiac cycle are?

SYSTOLE and DIASTOLE

Ventricles contract. o Blood is ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta and from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. o Mitral and tricuspid valves close (first heart sound). o Pressure continues to rise. o Aortic and pulmonic valves open. ▪ Blood ejected into arteries. o Pressure falls?

SYSTOLE

▪ Mitral and tricuspid valves open. ▪ Blood moves from atria to ventricles (third heart sound). ▪ Ventricles dilate, an energy-requiring effort that draws blood into the ventricles as the atria contract, thereby moving blood from the atria to the ventricles. ▪ Atria contract as ventricles almost filled. ▪ Causes complete emptying of atria (fourth heart sound)?

DIASTOLE

______enables the heart to contract within itself ▪ Coordinates the sequence of muscular contractions taking place during the cardiac cycle?

Intrinsic electrical conduction system

All heart sounds are described by?

- FREQUENCY or Pitch -INTENSITY or Loudness -DURATION -TIMING

Sinoatrial node or SA node is also known as?

PEACEMAKER

What to note for extra heart sounds characteristics?

LOCATION TIMING RATE RHYTHM

Abnormal Arterial Pulse and Pressure Waves: Double systolic peak Pure aortic regurgitation Combined aortic stenosis and regurgitation Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Bisferiens Pulse

Abnormal Arterial Pulse and Pressure Waves: Regular rhythm Changes in amplitude from beat to beat Left ventricular failure?

Pulsus Alternans

Abnormal Arterial Pulse and Pressure Waves: Regular, irregular rhythm Alternates in amplitude?

Bigeminal Pulse

Abnormal Arterial Pulse and Pressure Waves: Palpable decrease in pulse amplitude. Pulse becomes stronger with expiration Pericardial tamponade Constrictive pericarditis Obstructive lung disease?

Paradoxical Pulse

Ventricular Impulses: A diffuse ___ left during systole at the lower sternal border, a lift or heave is associated with right ventricular hypertrophy caused by pulmonic valve disease.

LIFT

Ventricular Impulses:palpated over the second and third intercostal space; a thrill may indicate severe aortic stenosis and systemic hypertension. A thrill is palpated over the second and third intercostal spaces may indicate pulmonic stenosis and pulmonic hypertension?

THRILL

Extra Heart Sounds: Heard during early systole at the second right intercostal space and apex. Occurs with opening of the aortic valve and does not change with respiration?

Aortic Ejection Click

Extra Heart Sounds: Has a low frequency and is heard best using the bell of the stethoscope at the apical area or lower ventricular area of the chest with the patient in left lateral position. Usually associated with MI, CHF. ?

S2 (Ventricular Gallop)

Extra Heart Sounds:Is a low frequency sound occurring at the end of diastole when the atria contract. It is caused by vibrations from blood flowing rapidly into the ventricles after atrial contractions?

S4 (Atrial Gallop)

Extra Heart Sounds:Is a congenital anomaly that leaves an open channel between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Found over the second left intercostal space that may radiate to the left clavicle?

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Extra Heart Sounds:Usually heard best in the third intercostal space to the left of the sternum caused by inflammation of the pericardial sac. A high pitch scratchy, scraping sound the rub may increase with exhalation and when patient lean forward?

Pericardial Friction Rub

o Abnormally high pressure in left side of heart gives a person symptom of?

PULMONARY CONGESTION

Abnormally high pressure in right side of heart shows in?

NECK AND ABDOMEN

This is a blowing, swishing sound indicating blood flow turbulence; normally none is present?

BRUIT

Heart and Central vessels Flashcards

(48 cards)