Heart and Central Vessels

Question 1

It is a Great vessels that return blood to the right atrium from the upper and lower torso respectively.

Answer 1

Superior and inferior vena cava

Question 2

Great vessels that exit the right ventricle, bifurcate, and carry blood to the lungs

Answer 2

Pulmonary artery

Question 3

Great vessels that (two from each lung) return oxygenated
blood to the left atrium. The aorta transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

Answer 3

Pulmonary veins

Question 3

The chambers of the heart that have two upper chambers

Answer 3

right and left atria

Question 4

chambers of the heart that have two lower chambers

Answer 4

right and left ventricles

Question 5

part of the heart that separates the right and left sides of the heart

Answer 5

septum

Question 6

valves are located at the entrance
into the ventricles

Answer 6

Atrioventricular (AV)

Question 7

it is composed of three cusps or flaps
and is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Answer 7

tricuspid valve

Question 8

valve is composed of two cusps or
flaps and is located between the left atrium and the left
ventricle

Answer 8

bicuspid (mitral)

Question 9

They are located at the exit of each
ventricle at the beginning of the great vessels. Each valve has three cusps or flaps that look like half moons

Answer 9

semilunar valves

Question 10

located at the entrance of the
pulmonary artery as it exits the right ventricle.

Answer 10

pulmonic valve

Question 11

located at the beginning of the
ascending aorta as it exits the left ventricle.

Answer 11

aortic valve

Question 12

It is a tough, inextensible,
loose-fitting, fibrous sac that attaches to the great vessels and, thereby, surrounds the heart.

Answer 12

pericardium

Question 13

It is a serous membrane lining, it secretes a small amount of pericardial fluid that allows for
smooth, friction-free movement of the heart.

Answer 13

Parietal pericardium

Question 14

serous membrane covers the
outer surface of the heart

Answer 14

Epicardium

Question 15

The thickest layer of the
heart and is made up of contractile cardiac muscle cells.

Answer 15

myocardium

Question 16

a thin layer of
endothelial tissue that forms the innermost layer of the heart and is continuous with the endothelial lining of blood vessels

Answer 16

endocardium

Question 17

FX: The heart works in tandem with the blood vessels and the nervous system to regulate blood pressure. Through subtle adjustments in
heart rate and the force of contraction, the heart can adapt to changing demands, maintaining optimal blood pressure to support vital functions.

Answer 17

Regulation of Blood Pressure

Question 18

FX: In addition to oxygen and carbon dioxide, the blood carries essential nutrients, hormones, and immune cells to various parts of the body. The heart plays a crucial role in ensuring the timely delivery of these substances to cells while facilitating the removal of metabolic waste products.

Answer 18

Transportation of nutrients and waste

Question 19

FX: The heart’s rhythmic contractions are orchestrated by a specialized conduction system that generates electrical impulses. These impulses coordinate the sequential contraction of the heart chambers, ensuring efficient blood flow with each heartbeat

Answer 19

Electrical Conduction

Question 20

is located on the posterior wall of the right atrium near the junction of the superior and inferior vena cava. It generates (??? -???? bpm )

Answer 20

Sinoatrial Node (SA)
(60-100 bpm )

Question 21

located in the lower interatrial septum. It is slightly delays incoming electrical impulses from the atria then relays the impulse to the AV bundle ( Bundle of His) in the upper interventricular septum

Answer 21

Atrioventricular Node

Question 22

in the myocardium of both ventricles, causing them to contract almost simoustaneously

Answer 22

Purkinje fibers

Question 23

an inherent discharge of 40- 60 bpm , if SA node cannot function

Answer 23

Bundle of His

Question 24

records the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac muscle.

Answer 24

Ekg or ecg

Question 25

Atrial depolarization: conduction of the impulse throughout the atria

Answer 25

P wave

Question 26

Time from the beginning of the atrial depolarization to the beginning of the Pwave to the beginning of the QRS complex

Answer 26

PR interval

Question 27

Ventricular depolarization ( atrial repolarization)

Answer 27

QRS complex

Question 28

Period between ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization

Answer 28

ST segment

Question 29

ventricular repolarization, the ventricles return to a resting state

Answer 29

T wave

Question 30

Total time for ventricular depolarization and repolarizatio

Answer 30

QT interval

Question 31

May or may not be present, if present it follows the T wave and represents the final phase of repolarization

Answer 31

U wave

Question 32

refers to the filling and emptying of the heart’s chambers.

Answer 32

THE CARDIAC CYCLE