Heart and Lung Flashcards
(48 cards)
Common respiratory infections
-bronchitis
-pertussis
-pnuemonia
Danger of pathogens on epithelium (inside)
-cause inflammation, increased mucus secretion (may lead to airway obstruction)
Common symptoms of lower respiratory infections
-cough, shortness of breath, fever, generalized malaise, chest pain
Diagnosis of lower respiratory infections
-X rays, CRP blood test, microbiological tests
Bronchitis
-inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes
-mostly viral
symptoms of bronchitis
-nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, mild cough
-increased cough > 10 days, fatigue, fever, shortness of breath, tightness/pain in the chest
Treatment of bronchitis
-suspension of training, hydration, cough suppressant, asthma inhalers
Cough > 3 weeks
-likely not bronchitis
-potential asthma, pertussis
Bronchitis RTS
-gradual return once symptoms resolve
Pertussis
-highly contagious, acute respiratory illness
-severe spasmodic coughing episodes
-bacterial infection
Pertussis treatment and prevention
-antibiotics, supportive (rest, fluids)
-cough mixtures and suppressants won’t work
-prevention: vaccine
Pneumonia
-infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs (fill with fluid or pus)
-could be bacterial, viral, or fungal
Symptoms of pneumonia
-persistent cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, cyanosis, headache, muscle ache, fatigue, confusion
Diagnosis of pneumonia
-physical examination, X-ray (looking for white spots), lab tests
Pneumothorax
-air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall
-causes wall collapse
-sudden chest pain and shortness of breath
Which population is likely to have spontaneous pneumothorax?
tall, young, males
Causes of pneumothorax
-spontaneous
-trauma (chest injury, broken rib)
-damage from underlying disease
Diagnosis of pneumothorax
-physical exam, chest X-ray, CT
Treatment of pneumothorax
-small (less than 15%) conservative treatment and monitoring
-larger (>15%) install chest tube in the lung for re-expansion
Asthma
-“reversible airway disease”
-airway narrowing and inflammation
-wheezing (EXPIRATORY)
-cough, chest tightness w/ exercise
PFT
-pulmonary function test (asthma)
Types of PFT
-spirometry: airflow
-diffusing capacity: oxygen and C02 exchange efficiency
-bronchodilator reversibility: see if performance improves w/ bronchodilator
-exercise testing: exercise induced asthma (EIA) or exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB)
Rapid, short term asthma treatments
-short acting beta agonist
-oral and intravenous corticosteroids
-ipratropium
EIA
-exercise induced asthma
-underlying, exercise triggers
