Heart and Pericardium

Question 1

What are the 3 branches in arch of aorta?

Answer 1

1) Brachiocephalic trunk
2) (L) Common Carotid artery
3) (L) Subclavian artery

Question 2

Branches of brachiocephalic?

alphabetical

Answer 2

1) Right Common Carotid

2) Right Subclavian artery

Question 3

What is remnant of ligamentum arteriosum? And foetal function?

Answer 3

1) Ductus Arteriosum

2) Shunt blood between PT and Aorta, to bypass non functioning lungs

Question 4

What branch does Left Vagus give off as crosses AofA?

Answer 4

Left recurrent laryngeal

Question 5

Anatomical course of LPN?

Answer 5

Crosses AofA, descends in front of Root of Lung

Question 6

Anatomical course of RPN?

Answer 6

On large veins, and along right side of heart across root of lung

Question 7

Where is phrenic nerve derived from?

Answer 7

C3,4,5 (Cervical plexus)

Question 8

What does PN supply?

Answer 8

Motor innervation to diaphragm,

Sensory innervation to pleura, peritoneum and pericardium

Question 9

Anatomical course of LVN?

Answer 9

Crosses aorta, behind root of lung, breaks up into branches on oesophagus and leaves thorax as anterior gastric

Question 10

Anatomical course of RVN?

Answer 10

On trachea, crosses behind root, and branches on oesophagus as posterior gastric

Question 11

Where do PN and VN enter diaphragm?

Answer 11

1) PN: Central tendon alongside IVC (T8)

2) VN: Oesophageal hiatus (T10)

Question 12

Pericardial layers? (3)

Answer 12

1) Outer fibrous
2) Parietal serous
3) Visceral serous

Question 13

Structures forming LHS border of heart?

Answer 13

Left Pulmonary artery, auricular appendage and ventricle

Question 14

Surface marking for apex?

Answer 14

5th Is in MCL

Question 15

Right border of heart?

Answer 15

Right sternal edge

Question 16

Where is RCA found?

Answer 16

A-V sulcus (Right coronary sulcus)

Question 17

3 branches of RCA?

Answer 17

1) SAN branch
2) Right marginal
3) Posterior inter-ventricular branch (90% hearts where arises from) (Circumflex if not)

Question 18

2 branches of LCA?

Answer 18

1) Circumflex artery

2) Left Anterior Descending

Question 19

In what sulcus does CF artery lie? (Other large vessel?)

Answer 19

1) Left A-V sulcus

2) Coronary sinus, drains into RA

Question 20

Where are the SAN and AVN found?

Answer 20

1) SAN: Upper aspect of crista terminalis

2) AVN: inter-atrial septum

Question 21

What 2 spaces does crista terminalis divide?

Answer 21

1) Smooth walled atrium

2) Trabeculated auricle (Musculi Pectinati)

Question 22

What is fossa ovalis remnant of?

Answer 22

1) Foramen Ovale

2) Shunted blood from RA to LA to bypass lungs

Question 23

What are the chordae tendinae attached to?

Answer 23

1) Valves 2) Papillary muscles

Work to keep valves shut during ventricular contraction

Question 24

How would know if valves not functioning?

Answer 24

Regurgitation of blood into ventricles as diastolic murmur

Question 25

Where can auscultate aortic alve?

Answer 25

Right of sternum, 2nd IS

Question 26

What nerve does LVN branch off to?

Answer 26

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve