Stomach and Bowel

Question 1

How is the jejunum connected to PAW?

Answer 1

SI Mesentery

Question 2

Which part of LI are intraperitoneal?

Answer 2

Transverse and Sigmoid Colon

Question 3

What is the lesser sac?

Answer 3

Peritoneal sac posterior to stomach and LO. Communicates with GS through epiploic foramen

Question 4

What lies in free border of LO?

Answer 4

HA, HPV and BDuct

Question 5

What are the 4/5 main regions of the stomach?

Answer 5

1) Cardia
2) Fundus
3) Body
4) Antrum
5) Pylorus

Question 6

Which vertebral levels does stomach lie in?

Answer 6

T7 to L3

Question 7

What are the folds called on internal stomach surface?

Answer 7

Rugae

Question 8

What are the 2 stomach sphincters and which one is physiological? (Muscular function)

Answer 8

1) Inferior Oesophageal Sphincter (Phys)
2) Pyloric Sphincter
(Controls chyme exit from stomach)

Question 9

Where does foregut end and midgut begin?

Answer 9

Major duodenal papilla (2nd part)

Question 10

Stomach GC blood supply? (2)

Answer 10

1) Short gastrics

2) L&R Gastro-epiploic arteries

Question 11

Stomach LC blood supply? (2)

Answer 11

L&R Gastric Arteries

Question 12

What is right gastric and right gastro-epiploic branch of?

Answer 12

1) RG: Proper hepatic from CHA from coeliac trunk

2) RGE: Terminal branch of GD artery, from common HA from CT

Question 13

What is LGE artery a branch of?

Answer 13

Splenic artery from coeliac trunk

Question 14

Where does venous blood from GI tract, liver and spleen drain into?

Answer 14

HPV (to liver)

Question 15

What are the innervations of stomach?

Answer 15

1) T5-9 Sympathetic

2) Vagus Parasympathetic

Question 16

Where does oesophagus pass through stomach? And what structures pass alongside?

Answer 16

1) T10

2) Vagus nerve, oesophageal arteries/veins

Question 17

Which nerve is anterior and posterior to abdominal oesophagus?

Answer 17

1) LV: Anterior

2) RV: Posterior (LARP)

Question 18

What are the small folds of mucosa inside the SI?

Answer 18

Plicae circulares

Question 19

What are Peyer’s patches and where are they found?

Answer 19

Large, submucosal lymph nodes

Ileum

Question 20

Are jejunum and ileum retro or intra peritoneal?

Answer 20

Intra

Question 21

Which part of intestine has thicker wall out of Jejunum and Ileum?

Answer 21

Jejunum

Question 22

What are 5 characteristics of the Jejunum?

Ten Lanky Lads play rugby

Answer 22

1) Thick intestinal walls
2) Longer vasa recta
3) Less arterial arcades
4) Pronounced plicae circulates
5) Red in colour

Question 23

What are the 5 characteristics of the Ileum?

Answer 23

1) Thin intestinal walls
2) Shorter vasa recta
3) More arterial arcades
4) Peyer’s patches
5) Pink in colour

Question 24

What is Meckel’s diverticulum and where found?

Answer 24

1) Attachment of mid-gut to yolk sac embryonic remnant

2) 1M from term of ileum

Question 25

Where does midgut start and end? And blood supply?

Answer 25

1) 3rd part of duodenum to 2/3 of TC | 2) SMA

Question 26

What are the 3 main branches of SMA?

Answer 26

1) Right Colic 2) Middle Colic 3) Ileo Colic

Question 27

Where does right and middle colic supply?

Answer 27

1) Right: Ascending Colon | 2) Middle: Transverse Colon

Question 28

Into which vein does blood from the jejunum and ileum drain and what is the final destination of the blood?

Answer 28

Drains into the superior mesenteric vein. | This vein combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein which then goes on to the liver.

Question 29

What is the innervation of SI?

Answer 29

1) Sympathetic: Lesser Splanchnic (T10-11) | 2) Parasympathetic: Vagus

Question 30

4 adaptations of SI for large SA for absorption of nutrients in intestine?

Answer 30

1) Plicae circularis 2) Coiled length 3) Villi 4) Microvilli

Question 31

What is caecum's peritoneal position? And blood supply and venous drainage?

Answer 31

1) Intraperitoneal | 2) Ileocolic artery and Ileocolic vein -->SMV

Question 32

Ascending colon blood supply and vd?

Answer 32

1) Ileocolic and right colic arteries | 2) Ileocolic and right colic veins

Question 33

Descending colon blood supply and VD?

Answer 33

1) Left colic and superior sigmoid arteries | 2) Inferior Mesenteric vein

Question 34

Transverse colon blood supply and VD?

Answer 34

1) Middle colic artery | 2) SMV

Question 35

Sigmoid colon blood supply and VD?

Answer 35

1) Sigmoid arteries | 2) IMV (L3)

Question 36

3 adaptations of LI?

Answer 36

1) Appendices epiploicae 2) Tenia Coli 3) Haustrations

Question 37

What are Tenia Coli?

Answer 37

3 strips of longitudinal muscle on outer surface of LI

Question 38

What are haustrations?

Answer 38

Sacculations from where tenia coli contract to shorten wall of bowel

Question 39

What are appendices epiploicae?

Answer 39

Small pouches of peritoneum with fat, where BV enter bowel to supply mucosa

Question 40

Hindgut innervation?

Answer 40

1) Sympathetic: Least Splanchnic (T12) | 2) Para: S2-4

Question 41

Give 4 locations where the distal end of the appendix may lie.

Answer 41

1. In the pouch of Douglas. 2. Behind the caecum. 3. Behind the umbilicus. 4. Below the liver.

Question 42

What is marginal artery of Drummond and significance?

Answer 42

1) Artery forms anastomoses between SMA and IMA | 2) If occlusion in IMA, blood can be supplied to LI via SMA through MAD