Heart - Blood - Major Vessels

Question 1

Functions of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

deliver oxygen, hormones, and nutrients and disposing of waste and immunity

Question 2

Structures of the cardiovascular system

Answer 2

heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood

Question 3

What are the two circuits of circulation?

Answer 3

pulmonary and systemic

Question 4

Layers of heart tissue

Answer 4

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

Question 5

What do the atria do?

Answer 5

receiving chambers of the heart, have the auricles

Question 6

What do the ventricles do?

Answer 6

pump blood out of the heart

Question 7

What do the semi-lunar valves do?

Answer 7

determine the passage of blood between the ventricles and the main arteries

Question 8

What do the atrioventricular valves do?

Answer 8

close to prevent blood from flowing back into the atria

Question 9

Describe the blood flow of the heart

Answer 9

Blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs. Blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta and to the body

Question 10

What does the Sinoatrial node do?

Answer 10

node sends an impulse into the atria to pump

Question 11

What does the Atrioventricular node do?

Answer 11

node sends an impulse into the ventricles to pump

Question 12

Describe the electrical cardiac cycle

Answer 12

Cardiac contraction is initiated in the excitable cells of the sinoatrial (SA) node by both spontaneous depolarization and sympathetic activity

Question 13

What are the tunics of blood vessels?

Answer 13

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa

Question 14

How are arteries and veins different?

Answer 14

Arteries have thick walls composed of three distinct layers (tunica) Veins have thin walls but typically have wider lumen

Question 15

What is the carotid sinus?

Answer 15

the major baroreception site of the body

Question 16

Where is the carotid sinus?

Answer 16

on the internal jugular artery

Question 17

What does the IJV drain?

Answer 17

the brain

Question 18

What does the EJV drain?

Answer 18

the face

Question 19

What does the AJV drain?

Answer 19

the anterior neck

Question 20

What does the azygos vein drain?

Answer 20

the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen

Question 21

What is in the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 21

great vessels, esophagus, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunks

Question 22

What supplies the foregut?

Answer 22

celiac trunk

Question 23

What supplies the midgut?

Answer 23

SMA

Question 24

What supplies the hindgut?

Answer 24

IMA

Question 25

What does the celiac trunk break into?

Answer 25

Left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery

Question 26

What is the hepatic portal system?

Answer 26

the venous system that returns blood from the digestive tract and spleen to the liver

Question 27

What is supplied by the SMA?

Answer 27

middle colic, right colic, ileocolic

Question 28

What supplies the cecum?

Answer 28

iliocolic artery

Question 29

What is supplied by the IMA?

Answer 29

left colic, sigmoidal, superior rectal

Question 30

What supplies the ascending colon?

Answer 30

right colic artery

Question 31

What supplies the descending colon?

Answer 31

left colic artery

Question 32

What supplies the transverse colon?

Answer 32

middle colic artery

Question 33

What supplies the sigmoid colon?

Answer 33

sigmoid artery

Question 34

What supplies the rectum?

Answer 34

superior rectal artery

Question 35

What are the suprarenal glands supplied by?

Answer 35

inferior, middle, and superior suprarenal arteries

Question 36

What supplies the pelvis?

Answer 36

internal iliac artery

Question 37

What surrounds the axillary artery?

Answer 37

between medial and lateral cords

Question 38

Why is anastomosis good?

Answer 38

it allows for collateral blood flow

Question 39

What does the cephalic vein drain?

Answer 39

the radial part of the hand, forearm and arm

Question 40

What artery feeds the superficial palmar arch?

Answer 40

ulnar artery

Question 41

What artery feeds the deep palmar arch?

Answer 41

radial artery

Question 42

What are the three centrifuge layers of blood?

Answer 42

plasma, white, red

Question 43

What does a centrifuge diagnostic test show?

Answer 43

volume of of RBC in blood

Question 44

Why do guys have more RBCs?

Answer 44

higher androgen/EPO production

Question 45

What is blood plasma?

Answer 45

91% water, 9% assorted substances

Question 46

What are the proteins in plasma?

Answer 46

transport proteins, enzymes, albumin (60%), clotting proteins, hormones, antibodies, antimicrobial proteins. TEACH AandP

Question 47

What are the three formed element classes?

Answer 47

Erythrocytes, Thrombocytes, Leukocytes

Question 48

Describe RBCs?

Answer 48

biconcave, anucleate,

Question 49

What is blood oxygen level called?

Answer 49

02 Sat

Question 50

What is Carbon Dioxide Transport?

Answer 50

water breaks CO2 into bicarbonate HCO3

Question 51

What does erythrocyte production require?

Answer 51

iron, vitamin b 12, heme, folate

Question 52

What stimulates erythrocyte production?

Answer 52

hypoxia causes EPO release in kidneys, which stimulates RBC production in bone marrow

Question 53

What happens to erythrocytes when they die?

Answer 53

destroyed in lymph nodes and spleen and recycled

Question 54

What are the three major groups of anemia?

Answer 54

blood loss, excessive destruction of RBCs, and limited production of RBCs

Question 55

What are the two major groups of leukocytes?

Answer 55

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 56

What are the three groups of granulocytes?

Answer 56

basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

Question 57

What are the two groups of agranulocytes?

Answer 57

lymphocytes, monocytes

Question 58

What are basophils?

Answer 58

0.5%, causes inflammation, releases histamine and heparin

Question 59

What are eosinophils?

Answer 59

1-4%, Big, fight cancer and parasites

Question 60

What are neutrophils?

Answer 60

60-70%, antimicrobial substances, attacks

Question 61

What do granules do?

Answer 61

tiny sacs containing enzymes used to defend against pathogens, destroy cells, and reduce inflammation

Question 62

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 62

20-25%, fight infection, no granules, B and T cells

Question 63

What are monocytes?

Answer 63

2-10%, no granules, become macrophages

Question 64

What are platelets?

Answer 64

sticky cells used in clotting that live around 10 days

Question 65

What are the steps of hemostasis?

Answer 65

vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 66

What are hemostasis disorders?

Answer 66

thrombus, embolism, embolus, thrombocytopenia

Question 67

What is a thrombus?

Answer 67

a blood clot that occurs inside the vascular system

Question 68

What is an embolism?

Answer 68

A sudden blocking of an artery.

Question 69

What is an embolus?

Answer 69

A sudden blocking of an artery.