Heart & Diabetes Pharmacology II: Diabetes Flashcards
1
Q
What is Type 1 diabetes?
A
Absolute deficiency in insulin
2
Q
What is Type 2 diabetes?
A
Relative deficiency of insulin associated with insulin resistance
3
Q
Where is Insulin produced?
A
Endocrine cells in the pancreas
4
Q
Which Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin?
A
β-cells
5
Q
What channels regulate insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells?
A
Katp channels
6
Q
When are Katp cells open?
A
At low glucose levels when there is not a lot of ATP being produced
7
Q
When are Katp cells closed?
A
- When glucose enters the β-cells via Glut-2
- ATP synthesis increases and blocks Katp channels
8
Q
What are the actions of Insulin in the LIVER?
A
- Inhibits glycogenolysis
- Inhibits gluconeogenesis
- Stimulates glycogenesis
- Increases glycolysis
9
Q
What are the actions of Insulin in the MUSCLE?
A
- Increased expression of Glut-4 (glucose uptake)
- Stimulates glycogen synthesis and glycolysis
- Stimulates uptake of amino acids and increases protein synthesis
10
Q
What are the actions of Insulin in the ADIPOSE TISSUE?
A
- Increased expression of Glut-4
- Glucose used to make glycerol which is used to make triglycerides
11
Q
What is the mechanism of action of Insulin?
A
- Binds Tyrosine kinase linked receptor
- Occupied receptors aggregate into clusters
- Aggregated clusters leads to downregulation
- Insulin degraded in lysosomes
- Receptors recycled
- Insulin binding leads to phosphorylation of subunit
- Signalling cascade initiated
12
Q
What hormone is released that affects Insulin secretion?
A
Incretins
13
Q
A
