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Anatomy And Physiology > Heart disease > Flashcards

Heart disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is a heart attack?

A

-blockage of an artery that supplies the body with oxygenated blood

-leads to death of a region of the heart muscle

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2
Q

What two things cause a heart attack?

A

1)atherosclerosis

2)rupture of the plaque, leading to a formation of a blood clot

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3
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

The buildup of fatty plaques within artery walls, constricting blood flow

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4
Q

Why are blood clots so dangerous?

A

Can dislodge and cause acute disease

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5
Q

What is the function of pulmonary circulation?

A

Deoxygenated blood carried away from the heart by pulmonary artery

Oxygenated blood carries to the heart by pulmonary veins

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6
Q

What is the function of systemic circulation?

A

Oxygenated blood carried away from the heart by arteries

Deoxygenated blood carried away from the heart by veins

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7
Q

What type of blood do arteries carry?

A

Oxygenated blood

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8
Q

What is the largest type of artery?

A

Aorta

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9
Q

What are two parts of the aortic arch?

A

-ascending aorta

-descending aorta

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10
Q

What are two important arteries that branch off the aortic arch?

A
  • carotid arteries -> carry blood to the head

-subclavian arteries-> carry blood to the arms

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11
Q

Where does the cilic artery branch into and where does it carry blood?

A

Branches into hepatic, gastric and splenic arteries

Carries blood to liver,stomach and spleen

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12
Q

Where do the renal arteries carry blood?

A

To the kidneys

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13
Q

Where do the iliac arteries carry blood?

A

To the legs

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14
Q

Where do veins carry blood?

A

Back to the heart

(Except pulmonary veins-carry deoxygenated blood)

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15
Q

Where do the largest veins empty into?

A

The right atrium

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16
Q

What is the function of the superior vena cava?

A

Collects blood from the body and head

Short vein

17
Q

What is the function of the inferior vena cava?

A

Collects blood from the lower body

Long vein

Located on the right side

18
Q

What is the function of the capillaries?

A

-gas exchange and chemicals, takes place between the blood and the interstitial tissue

19
Q

What are venues?

A

Narrowest type of vein

20
Q

What is the function of venules?

A

Receive deoxygenated blood from the capillary bed

21
Q

What are arterioles and their function?

A

Narrowest artery, carry oxygenated blood to the capillary bed

22
Q

What is the function of the precapillary sphincters?

A

To control blood flow from the arteriole Into each capillary

23
Q

Define vasomotion

A

When each precapillary sphincter alternatively contracts and relaxes,
This alters vessel diameter

24
Q

What is the function of vasa vasorum?

A
  • blood supply to the blood vessel walls
25
Q

What are the 3 linings of the blood vessel?

A

1) tunica intima

2)tunica media

3)tunica adventitia

26
Q

What is tunica intima?

A

In the inner layer

Endothelia line the blood vessel

27
Q

What is tunica media?

A

In the inner layer

Vascular smooth muscle cells, collagen and elastin fibres, often the thickest layer

28
Q

What is tunica adventitia?

A

In the outer layer

Outer protective layer, fibroblasts

29
Q

Name 4 elastic arteries:

A

1 aorta

2 pulmonary artery

3 subclavian artery

4 carotid artery

30
Q

What do muscular arteries contain?

A

Fewer elastic fibres but have more smooth muscle

31
Q

What are two types of muscular arteries?

A
  • coronary arteries
  • femoral arteries
32
Q

What are antidiuresis?

A

Kidney producing concentration urine

  • urine normally less than 1% of filtered amount
33
Q

What is diuresis?

A

Kidney producing dilute urine

  • urine can be about 15% of filtered amount
34
Q

What is the function of continuous capillaries?

A

Permit exchange of water, small solutes and lipid-soluble materials between blood and interstitial fluid

35
Q

What is the function of fenestrated capillaries?

A

Facilitate rapid exchange of water and solutes between blood and interstitial fluid

36
Q

What is the fu cylinder of sinusoid capillaries?

A

Free exchange of water, solutes and large plasma proteins

Anatomy And Physiology (21 decks)

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