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NTR 222 > Heart Disease (module 7) > Flashcards

Heart Disease (module 7) Flashcards

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1
Q

How much does an artery need to be clogged before symptoms present themselves.

A

50%-70% narrowing before symptoms start

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2
Q

What falls under the “cardiovascular disease” umbrella

A

Coronary Heart Disease, Coronary Artery disease, Congestive Heart Failure, Myocardial Infarction, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Hypertension, Stroke.

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3
Q

What is the most common killer of americans?

A

Heart Disease

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4
Q

Framingham Heart Study showed:

A

What the risk factors of heart disease are.

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5
Q

What does framingham refer to?

A

The town of Framingham in Massachusetts

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6
Q

How often did the conductors of the framingham study check in on the subjects

A

2 years

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7
Q

what kind of study was the framingham heart study

A

Observational, Longitudinal

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8
Q

Risk Factors for heart disease according to the Framingham study?

A

Age, Gender, Family History, High Blood Pressure, Smoking, High Cholesterol, High LDL’s, Low HDL’s High Triglycerides

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9
Q

Who is more prone to heart disease

A

men, but women have increased risk of heart disease after menopause

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10
Q

What is defined as high blood pressure

A

140/90

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11
Q

Why does smoking increase risk of heart disease?

A

Damages the arterial wall, making it easier for Plaque to adhere

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12
Q

What are LDL’s and HDL’s

A

Lipoproteins that can carry Fat through the water mixture that is blood

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13
Q

What does LDL and HDL stand for?

A

Low Density Lipoprotein and High Density Lipoprotein

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14
Q

What are good sources of HDLs and LDLs?

A

None, body packages them, you don’t eat them

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15
Q

Why are HDLs better for you?

A

They collect cholesterol and bring it back to the liver for processing

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16
Q

What can cause LDL’s to become more atherogenic?

A

If they be oxygenated

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17
Q

Atherogenic means

A

likely to make plaque adhere

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18
Q

Other risk factors for heart disease

A

diabetes/glucose intolerence, obesity, physical inactivity, EXCESSIVE alcohol intake, arteriole inflammation

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19
Q

Inverse/protective factors for heart disease

A

High HDL’s, Excerise, MODERATE Alcohol intake

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20
Q

What Classifies as moderate or excessive alcohol intake

A

72 grams per day is the dividing line

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21
Q

According to observational studies how much is the ideal amount of alcohol per day for reducing risk of heart disease?

A

20g/day

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22
Q

What is the recommended moderate range for alcohol

A

1 serving (15g) per day for women, and 2 for men

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23
Q

ATP Stands for:

Study These Flashcards
A

Adult Treatment Program

24
Q

See notes for ATP Guidelines

Study These Flashcards
A

See notes for ATP Guidelines

25
Why are lipid profiles better than total cholesterol tests?
Total cholesterol tests will not distinguish between LDL and HDL and thus won't give as accurate of an idea for risk. Lipid profiles also detail triglycerides.
26
Healthy levels for blood cholesterol
<200mg/dI (Deciliter)
27
Healthy levels for LDL-C
<100mg/dI
28
Healthy levels for HDL-C
60mg/dI: inverse risk; | in between = minimal effect either way
29
Healthy levels for triglycerides
<150mg/dI
30
ATP guideling for dietary intake Cholesterol
300mg DV
31
ATP guideling for dietary intake Fat Total
30-35% total; | Saturated Fats = 10% of total caloric intake
32
ATP "Therapeutic Lifestyle Change" (TLC) for saturated fats
7% or less
33
ATP "Therapeutic Lifestyle Change" (TLC) for cholesterol total
200 mg or less
34
ATP "Therapeutic Lifestyle Change" (TLC) for total fat intake
35% or less, most of which should be poly- or mono-unsaturated fats
35
What are good nutrients to increase to help your heart
Soluble Fiber, Foods with Stanol Esthers, Soy (for the phytoestrogens), Phytochemicals (increased fruits/veggies), Vitamins A & C, and Beta Carotene
36
difference between asian and Mediterranean diets
Asian is much lower in total fat while Mediterranean diet has a lot of plant fats
37
What are Stanol Esthers similar to?
very similar to cholesterol lowering drugs on a microscopic level but are plant components
38
What is the abreviation for Hyper tension
HTN
39
What is considered "Normal" Blood pressure
LESS than 120/80 mmHg
40
A patient has a blood pressure of 120/80
the patient is technically Pre HTN
41
What is Pre-HTN
120/80 - 139/89
42
What is Stage one HTN
140/90 - 159/99
43
What is Stage 2 HTN?
≥ 160/90
44
How much should someone lose weight to improve hypertension?
10% weight loss can help tremendously
45
What does the D.A.S.H. diet stand for
Dietary aproaches to stopping hypertension
46
What type of study was the Dash Study? How long was it?
Randomized Control Trial, 8 weeks
47
What three nutrients was the DASH diet particularly high in?
Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium
48
How is blood pressure represented?
Systolic over Diastolic
49
According to many studies, including the DASH study? What is the best way to reduce blood pressure?
DASH-Like diet + Low sodium intake
50
What is the minimum requirement for sodium intake?
500mg/day
51
Name some people groups that are more sensitive to sodium intake
African Americans, people with Chronic Renal Disease, HTN, or Diabetes
52
How accurate is ranking sodium levels by how salty a food is?
Terrible. READ LABELS!
53
Where does most of our sodium intake come from?
Already in processed foods, not from salt added by consumers from the salt shaker
54
The Ratio of having twice as much _____ as sodium, can really have a good effect on blood pressure
Potassium
55
What are the "stages of change"
Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance.

NTR 222 (10 decks)

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