Heart Dissection Flashcards
(64 cards)
1
Q
identity the structures on the thorax radiograph left lateral view
A
- thoracic vertebrae
- ribs
- costal cartilage
- costal arch
- manubrium of sternum
- sternebrae
- scapula
heart
- base
- apex
- right ventricle
- left ventricle
- sternopericardial ligament
- caudal vena cava
- cranial vena cava
- aorta
- trachea
- tracheal bifurcation
2
Q
identify the right cranial pulmonary vein
A
3
Q
identify the pulmonary arteries
A
4
Q
identify the right cranial lung lobe
A
5
Q
identify the right cranial bronchus
A
6
Q
identify the right accessory lobe of the lung
A
7
Q
identify the right crus of the diaphragm
A
8
Q
identify the left crus of the diaphragm
A
9
Q
identify the dome of the diaphgram
A
10
Q
identify the left cranial lung lobe
A
11
Q
identify the structures
A
- head of rib
- body of rib
- sternebra
- scapula
- base of heart
- apex of heart
- aorta
- caudal and cranial vena cava
- dome of diaphragm
- right crus
- left crus
- ventral lung lobes
12
Q
identify the pulomary arteries
A
13
Q
identify the aorta
A
14
Q
identify the ventral mediastiunum
A
15
Q
identify the scapula
A
16
Q
identify the ventral lung lobes
A
17
Q
Where is the apex of the heart?
A
towards the left of the midline
18
Q
why does the heart appear to sit to the left of the midline in this dorsal ventral radiograph
A
Because of the size of the right lung
19
Q
Which chamber of the heart gives rise to the ‘apex’ of the heart?
A
left ventricle
20
Q
identify A, B and C
A
A= left atrium
B= right ventricle
C= trachea
21
Q
identify the structures
A
RA: right auricle (atrium)
RV: right ventricle
LV: left ventricle
LA: left atrium
A: aorta
C: caudal vena cava
T: trachea
22
Q
identify the structures of the cat thorax
A
A= heart
B= diaphragm
C= liver
23
Q
how does the shape of the cat thorax differ than the dogs
A
shape: narrow and steep, heart sits more at an angle and it is positioned more caudally (4th-7th intercostal space) also little of the heart is covered by the forelimb as the triceps reaches no further than the 4th rib
24
Q
Identify Manubrium of sternum, First rib, Apex of heart, Base of heart, Diaphragm and First lumbar vertebra
Again note the shape of thoracic cavity. How does it compare to that of the dog?
A
Narrower particularly about the thoracic inlet
25
Compare the size, and angle of the heart in each of these two lateral radiographs of the thoracic cavity
Now compare the relative shape of the thorax in each film.
Based on your observations do you think these radiographs come from the same or from different species?
Is there any other visible evidence you could use to support your conclusion?
A= cat
B= small dog (Yorki)
presence of clavicle in cat radiograph
26
identify the numbered structures on the right lateral view and what are their functions
1. coronary groove: demarks position of atria vs. ventricles and is also the route taken by the right and left coronary arteries
2. right inter-ventricular or subsinuosal groove: emarks position of the interventricular septum which divides the left and right ventricles
3. right atrium: cranial and caudal vena cava, coronary sinus (brings in the flow from the great cardiac vein) and the azygos vein (usually only a right azygos persists but in some species there is also a left azygos which continues into the RA via the coronary sinus)
4. cranial margin
27
identify 1-4 and what view is this
left lateral or auricular view
1. right auricle
2. paraconal groove or left interventricular groove
3. pulmonary trunk
4. apex
5. left ventricle therefore caudal margin
28
identify the patterns of blood flow
1. pulmonary trunk
2. aorta
3. pulmonary veins
4. cranial vena cava
5. caudal vena cava
6. bifurcation pulmonary trunk into left and right pulmonary arteries
29
identify the structures of the left and right views of the bovine heart
30
identify the blood flow through the heart
1. cranial vena cava
2. caudal vena cava
3. right ventricle passing around cranial margin of heart leading to pulmonary trunk
4. intervenous tubercle
31
which other vessels enter the right atrium besides the vena cava
azygous and coronary sinus (great cardiac vein)
32
identify the valves
2. bicuspid (mitral or left AV valve)
3. aortic semilunar valve
33
The closure of which valves give rise to a) the first heart sound (lub) and b) the second heart sound (dub)?
first sound: both AV valves
second: both semilunar valves
34
identify the structures
35
identify the numbered structures
1. azygous vein
2 & 3. cranial and caudal vena cava
4. pulmonary veins
5. trachea
6. esophagus
7. aorta
8. right phrenic nerve
36
where is the esophagus releative the trachea and aorta in the right lateral view
esophagus is dorsal to and slightly to the left of trachea,
the aorta is to the left of the esophagus and arches so it eventually dorsally positioned
37
the interior of the right atrium and its auricle have been exposed
identify the structures
1. caudal vena cava
2. cranial vena cava
3. coronary sinus (entrance to great cardiac vein bringing blood back from coronary circulation)
4. position of fossa ovalis (remnant of fetal foramen ovale)
5. papillary muscles and associated chordae tendineae
6. trabeculae septomarginalis or moderator band
38
what is the functional significance of the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
prevent valve from inverting into atria when ventricle contracts
39
what is the functional significance of trabeculae septomarginalis or moderator band
impuse is directed to papillary muscles so that they begin to contract and take up strain on chordae tendineae before the main ventricle contracts
40
the SA and AV nodes are found in right atrium
where percisely would you locate these structures (they are visible in large domestic species)
SA: at terminal crest just ventral to where the Cr vena cava enters the RA
AV: just cranial to the coronary sinus at the top of the inter-ventricular septum
41
identify the structures of equine heart
1. caudal vena cava
2. cranial vena cava
3. coronary sinus
4. position of fossa ovalis
5. papillary muscles and associated chordae tendineae
6. trabeculae septomarginalis or moderator band
42
identify the structures of equine heart
2. cranial vena cava
5. papillary muscles and associated chordae tendineae
6. trabeculae septomarginalis or moderator
43
identify the structures
1. mitral vavle
2. aortic semilunar valve
44
why does the aortic semilunar valve not have chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
it functionally closes in a different way
closes during ventricular diastole rather than systole
45
how many cusps does the mitral valve have in comparison to the tricuspid valve
2 vs. 3
46
A remnant of foetal circulation the ligamentum arteriosum is indicated on this specimen [1]. What important foetal structure does this represent and what was its functional role in the foetus?
Ductus arteriosus- in the foetus this is the shunt which takes blood from the pulmonary artery and diverts it away from the lungs into the aorta
47
With reference to the aortic semi-lunar valve where would you locate the entrance to the right and left coronary artery?
The right CA is located in the aortic sinus (space) of the right cusp, the left CA is located in the aortic sinus (space) of the left cusp of the aortic semi-lunar valve
48
identify the structures of the cranioventral view of the interior of the right ventricle
49
identify the structures of the transverse section through the ventricles
50
identify the structures of the right atrium and ventricle
51
identify the dorsal view of the base of the bovine heart after atria removed
52
identify the structures of the tricuspid valve and the right ventricle of the dog
53
identify the structures of the atrioventricular valve opening and the semilunar valve
54
identify the structures of the dorsal view of the base of the heart after removal of the aitra
55
identify the conducting system structures
56
identify the structures
The individual cusps of each valve are given specific names. Identify each valve in turn and the individual cusps. Note the relative position of the heart valves with respect to cranial, caudal and left and right sides.
Note the difference in structure between the atrio-ventricular valves and the semi-lunar valves in terms of presence/absence of chordae tendineae. Revise how each valve type functions.
57
identify all 4 valves
58
identify the structures of the left coronary artery of the heart, viewed from left
59
identify the patterns of coronary circulation
60
identify the structures of transverse section of heart
61
identify the structures of the interior view of right atrium and ventricle
1. fossa ovalis
2. coronary sinus
3. pectinate muscles associated with right auricle
4. cusp of right AV valve (tricuspid)
5. papillary muscle
6. chordae tendineae
62
identify the pinned structures of all 4 chambers
1. Right av valve (tricuspid)
2. right ventricle
3. left atrium
4. left av valve (mitral)
5. inter ventricular septum
6. moderator band
7. aortic semilunar valve
8. papillary muscle
9. Origins of left coronary artery
63
identify the structures of fresh bovine heart
1. caudal vena cava: compare structure to aorta which arises from middle of the base of heart
2. intervenous tubercle
3. cranial vena cava
4. terminal crest
5. approx position of SA node
6. pectinate muscles of auricle: compare this to smooth lining of main atrium
7. approx position of AV node at top of interventricular septum
8. coronary sinus
9. fossa ovalis
10. interventricular septum: bundle of His/Purkinje fibres run down this septum towards the apex
11. moderator band
64
what is the function of moderator band
Impulse travels to papillary muscles so that they take up the strain on the chordae tendineae in advance of ventricular contraction. The AV valves close passively during diastole due to blood flowing behind the flaps and lifting them away from the ventricle wall, the chordae tendineae prevent the valve flaps from everting into the atria.
