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Module 10 > Heart Dissection > Flashcards

Heart Dissection Flashcards

1
Q

identity the structures on the thorax radiograph left lateral view

A
  1. thoracic vertebrae
  2. ribs
  3. costal cartilage
  4. costal arch
  5. manubrium of sternum
  6. sternebrae
  7. scapula

heart

  1. base
  2. apex
  3. right ventricle
  4. left ventricle
  5. sternopericardial ligament
  6. caudal vena cava
  7. cranial vena cava
  8. aorta
  9. trachea
  10. tracheal bifurcation
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2
Q

identify the right cranial pulmonary vein

A
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3
Q

identify the pulmonary arteries

A
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4
Q

identify the right cranial lung lobe

A
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5
Q

identify the right cranial bronchus

A
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6
Q

identify the right accessory lobe of the lung

A
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7
Q

identify the right crus of the diaphragm

A
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8
Q

identify the left crus of the diaphragm

A
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9
Q

identify the dome of the diaphgram

A
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10
Q

identify the left cranial lung lobe

A
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11
Q

identify the structures

A
  1. head of rib
  2. body of rib
  3. sternebra
  4. scapula
  5. base of heart
  6. apex of heart
  7. aorta
  8. caudal and cranial vena cava
  9. dome of diaphragm
  10. right crus
  11. left crus
  12. ventral lung lobes
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12
Q

identify the pulomary arteries

A
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13
Q

identify the aorta

A
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14
Q

identify the ventral mediastiunum

A
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15
Q

identify the scapula

A
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16
Q

identify the ventral lung lobes

A
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17
Q

Where is the apex of the heart?

A

towards the left of the midline

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18
Q

why does the heart appear to sit to the left of the midline in this dorsal ventral radiograph

A

Because of the size of the right lung

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19
Q

Which chamber of the heart gives rise to the ‘apex’ of the heart?

A

left ventricle

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20
Q

identify A, B and C

A

A= left atrium

B= right ventricle

C= trachea

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21
Q

identify the structures

A

RA: right auricle (atrium)

RV: right ventricle

LV: left ventricle

LA: left atrium

A: aorta

C: caudal vena cava

T: trachea

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22
Q

identify the structures of the cat thorax

A

A= heart

B= diaphragm

C= liver

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23
Q

how does the shape of the cat thorax differ than the dogs

A

shape: narrow and steep, heart sits more at an angle and it is positioned more caudally (4th-7th intercostal space) also little of the heart is covered by the forelimb as the triceps reaches no further than the 4th rib

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24
Q

Identify Manubrium of sternum, First rib, Apex of heart, Base of heart, Diaphragm and First lumbar vertebra

Again note the shape of thoracic cavity. How does it compare to that of the dog?

A

Narrower particularly about the thoracic inlet

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25
Q

Compare the size, and angle of the heart in each of these two lateral radiographs of the thoracic cavity

Now compare the relative shape of the thorax in each film.

Based on your observations do you think these radiographs come from the same or from different species?

Is there any other visible evidence you could use to support your conclusion?

A

A= cat

B= small dog (Yorki)

presence of clavicle in cat radiograph

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26
Q

identify the numbered structures on the right lateral view and what are their functions

A
  1. coronary groove: demarks position of atria vs. ventricles and is also the route taken by the right and left coronary arteries
  2. right inter-ventricular or subsinuosal groove: emarks position of the interventricular septum which divides the left and right ventricles
  3. right atrium: cranial and caudal vena cava, coronary sinus (brings in the flow from the great cardiac vein) and the azygos vein (usually only a right azygos persists but in some species there is also a left azygos which continues into the RA via the coronary sinus)
  4. cranial margin
27
Q

identify 1-4 and what view is this

A

left lateral or auricular view

  1. right auricle
  2. paraconal groove or left interventricular groove
  3. pulmonary trunk
  4. apex
  5. left ventricle therefore caudal margin
28
Q

identify the patterns of blood flow

A
  1. pulmonary trunk
  2. aorta
  3. pulmonary veins
  4. cranial vena cava
  5. caudal vena cava
  6. bifurcation pulmonary trunk into left and right pulmonary arteries
29
Q

identify the structures of the left and right views of the bovine heart

A
30
Q

identify the blood flow through the heart

A
  1. cranial vena cava
  2. caudal vena cava
  3. right ventricle passing around cranial margin of heart leading to pulmonary trunk
  4. intervenous tubercle
31
Q

which other vessels enter the right atrium besides the vena cava

A

azygous and coronary sinus (great cardiac vein)

32
Q

identify the valves

A
  1. bicuspid (mitral or left AV valve)
  2. aortic semilunar valve
33
Q

The closure of which valves give rise to a) the first heart sound (lub) and b) the second heart sound (dub)?

A

first sound: both AV valves

second: both semilunar valves

34
Q

identify the structures

A
35
Q

identify the numbered structures

A
  1. azygous vein

2 & 3. cranial and caudal vena cava

  1. pulmonary veins
  2. trachea
  3. esophagus
  4. aorta
  5. right phrenic nerve
36
Q

where is the esophagus releative the trachea and aorta in the right lateral view

A

esophagus is dorsal to and slightly to the left of trachea,

the aorta is to the left of the esophagus and arches so it eventually dorsally positioned

37
Q

the interior of the right atrium and its auricle have been exposed

identify the structures

A
  1. caudal vena cava
  2. cranial vena cava
  3. coronary sinus (entrance to great cardiac vein bringing blood back from coronary circulation)
  4. position of fossa ovalis (remnant of fetal foramen ovale)
  5. papillary muscles and associated chordae tendineae
  6. trabeculae septomarginalis or moderator band
38
Q

what is the functional significance of the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae

A

prevent valve from inverting into atria when ventricle contracts

39
Q

what is the functional significance of trabeculae septomarginalis or moderator band

A

impuse is directed to papillary muscles so that they begin to contract and take up strain on chordae tendineae before the main ventricle contracts

40
Q

the SA and AV nodes are found in right atrium

where percisely would you locate these structures (they are visible in large domestic species)

A

SA: at terminal crest just ventral to where the Cr vena cava enters the RA

AV: just cranial to the coronary sinus at the top of the inter-ventricular septum

41
Q

identify the structures of equine heart

A
  1. caudal vena cava
  2. cranial vena cava
  3. coronary sinus
  4. position of fossa ovalis
  5. papillary muscles and associated chordae tendineae
  6. trabeculae septomarginalis or moderator band
42
Q

identify the structures of equine heart

A
  1. cranial vena cava
  2. papillary muscles and associated chordae tendineae
  3. trabeculae septomarginalis or moderator
43
Q

identify the structures

A
  1. mitral vavle
  2. aortic semilunar valve
44
Q

why does the aortic semilunar valve not have chordae tendineae and papillary muscles

A

it functionally closes in a different way

closes during ventricular diastole rather than systole

45
Q

how many cusps does the mitral valve have in comparison to the tricuspid valve

A

2 vs. 3

46
Q

A remnant of foetal circulation the ligamentum arteriosum is indicated on this specimen [1]. What important foetal structure does this represent and what was its functional role in the foetus?

A

Ductus arteriosus- in the foetus this is the shunt which takes blood from the pulmonary artery and diverts it away from the lungs into the aorta

47
Q

With reference to the aortic semi-lunar valve where would you locate the entrance to the right and left coronary artery?

A

The right CA is located in the aortic sinus (space) of the right cusp, the left CA is located in the aortic sinus (space) of the left cusp of the aortic semi-lunar valve

48
Q

identify the structures of the cranioventral view of the interior of the right ventricle

A
49
Q

identify the structures of the transverse section through the ventricles

A
50
Q

identify the structures of the right atrium and ventricle

A
51
Q

identify the dorsal view of the base of the bovine heart after atria removed

A
52
Q

identify the structures of the tricuspid valve and the right ventricle of the dog

A
53
Q

identify the structures of the atrioventricular valve opening and the semilunar valve

A
54
Q

identify the structures of the dorsal view of the base of the heart after removal of the aitra

A
55
Q

identify the conducting system structures

A
56
Q

identify the structures

A

The individual cusps of each valve are given specific names. Identify each valve in turn and the individual cusps. Note the relative position of the heart valves with respect to cranial, caudal and left and right sides.

Note the difference in structure between the atrio-ventricular valves and the semi-lunar valves in terms of presence/absence of chordae tendineae. Revise how each valve type functions.

57
Q

identify all 4 valves

A
58
Q

identify the structures of the left coronary artery of the heart, viewed from left

A
59
Q

identify the patterns of coronary circulation

A
60
Q

identify the structures of transverse section of heart

A
61
Q

identify the structures of the interior view of right atrium and ventricle

A
  1. fossa ovalis
  2. coronary sinus
  3. pectinate muscles associated with right auricle
  4. cusp of right AV valve (tricuspid)
  5. papillary muscle
  6. chordae tendineae
62
Q

identify the pinned structures of all 4 chambers

A
  1. Right av valve (tricuspid)
  2. right ventricle
  3. left atrium
  4. left av valve (mitral)
  5. inter ventricular septum
  6. moderator band
  7. aortic semilunar valve
  8. papillary muscle
  9. Origins of left coronary artery
63
Q

identify the structures of fresh bovine heart

A
  1. caudal vena cava: compare structure to aorta which arises from middle of the base of heart
  2. intervenous tubercle
  3. cranial vena cava
  4. terminal crest
  5. approx position of SA node
  6. pectinate muscles of auricle: compare this to smooth lining of main atrium
  7. approx position of AV node at top of interventricular septum
  8. coronary sinus
  9. fossa ovalis
  10. interventricular septum: bundle of His/Purkinje fibres run down this septum towards the apex
  11. moderator band
64
Q

what is the function of moderator band

A

Impulse travels to papillary muscles so that they take up the strain on the chordae tendineae in advance of ventricular contraction. The AV valves close passively during diastole due to blood flowing behind the flaps and lifting them away from the ventricle wall, the chordae tendineae prevent the valve flaps from everting into the atria.

Module 10 (27 decks)

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