Heart failure Flashcards
1
Q
What is heart failure?
A
Heart is unable to generate a cardiac output sufficient to meet the demands of the body wihtout increasing diastolic pressure
2
Q
What are the risk factors?
A
High cholesterol Hypertension Diabetes Obesity Smoking Physical inactivity MI Male LVH AF Family history
3
Q
How does it present?
A
Dyspnoea Neck vein distension Cardiomegaly Hepatojugular reflux Rales Tachycardia Chest discomfort Hepatomegaly Ankle oedema Night cough
4
Q
What are the causes?
A
Coronary heart disease Hypertension Cardiomyopathy AF Heart valve pathology Congenital heart disease
5
Q
What are the types?
A
Left-sided - reduced ejection fraction or preserved ejection fraction
Right-sided - usually as a result of left-sided
Congestive - both ventricles affected, causes oedema
6
Q
What are the investigations?
A
Bloods - U and Es, FBC, LFT, TFT, BNP
CXR - cardiomegaly, pleural effusions, oedema, air bronchograms
Echo
Cardiac MRI
7
Q
What is the management?
A
Diuretics - furosemide, bumetanide
ACEi - if hypertensive
ARB
Beta blockers
8
Q
What are the complications?
A
Pleural effusion CKD Anaemia AKI Acute decompensation of CHF Sudden cardiac death
