Heart/Lung/Liver/Hormones

Question 1

Blood into the heart:
A. Blood from Upper extremity flows into what?
B. Blood from lower extremity flows into what?
C. What is the exception?

Answer 1

A. SVC
B. IVC
C. Azygous vein drains lumbar into SVC

Question 2

Right Atrium:
A. 80% of blood passively flows into where?
B. What % is required for atrial contraction?
C. What EKG wave reps atrial contraction?

Answer 2

A. R. Ventricle
B. 20%
C. P-wave

Question 3

R. Atrium:
Atrial contraction (p-wave) starts at the _a_ node in the _b_ of the _c_ atrium.

Answer 3

a. SA
b. Crista Terminalis
C. Right

Question 4

The right atrial impulse travels to what node?

Answer 4

AV

Question 5

AV node delay:

What node impulse to AV node? What is delayed?

Answer 5

SA node, P-R interval is delayed

Question 6

The type of membrane potential that is all or none and is propagated.

Answer 6

Action potential

Question 7

A local potential will only cause an action potential to occur if

Answer 7

Threshold is reached

Question 8

What type of neurons transmit impulses to intrafusal muscles?

Answer 8

Gamma motor

Question 9

The first order neuron from the hand in the dorsal column medial lemniscal system terminates where?

Answer 9

Ipsilateral fasciculus cuneatus

Question 10

The depolarization phase of the action potential is caused by

Answer 10

Influx of sodium ions

Question 11

The simultaneous firing of presynaptic neurons onto a single post-synaptic neuron has an additive effect on that neuron is called

Answer 11

Spatial summation

Question 12

High frequency vibrations are best received by what type of receptor?

Answer 12

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 13

Simultaneous firing of several pre-synaptic neurons cause the post-synaptic cell to reach threshold. This is an example of

Answer 13

Spatial summation

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter is believed to always be inhibitory?

Answer 14

GABA

Question 15

Action potentials occur only at the ___ in myelinated neurons.

Answer 15

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 16

Skin stretch is best received by what type of receptor?

Answer 16

Ruffini endings

Question 17

Depolarization phase of action potential is caused by

Answer 17

Influx of Na ions

Question 18

The ___ is associated with a high degree of spatial localization and fine gradation of intensity of touch.

Answer 18

Dorsal column medial lemniscus

Question 19

The first order neuron from the hand in the dorsal column medial lemniscal system terminates where?

Answer 19

Ipsilateral fasciculus cuneatus

Question 20

What ion triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the pre-synaptic neurons is

Answer 20

Calcium

Question 21

A. The end of diasystole 120 ml is when what occurs?

B. What heart sound is made at the end of diasystole?

Answer 21

A. Tricuspid valve closes

B. S-1

Question 22

Ventricular depolarization occurs where on an EKG?

Answer 22

QRS complex (ventricle contracts)

Question 23

Mid-systole (halfway through) has enough pressure to do what?

Answer 23

Blow open pulmonic semi-lunar valves

Question 24

Blood exits via 2 pulmonary ___ to the lungs.

Answer 24

Arteries

Question 25

Pulmonary artery carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 25

DeOxygenated blood | Also carriers umbilical artery in fetus

Question 26

Blood is oxygenated via __ effect in the lungs.

Answer 26

Bohr effect

Question 27

What is the ratio of O2 to hemoglobin?

Answer 27

4:1

Question 28

What % is hemoglobin saturated by oxygen?

Answer 28

97%

Question 29

Blood exits the lungs via 4 pulmonary __ into the __ atrium.

Answer 29

Veins | Left

Question 30

Highest oxygen concentration is in what system?

Answer 30

Cardiac

Question 31

The pulmonary veins carry __ blood and what in the fetus?

Answer 31

Oxygenated | Umbilical vein

Question 32

80% of blood passively flows into where? | The remaining 20% needs what?

Answer 32

Left ventricle | P-wave AV nodal delay