Pathology Part 1 Review Flashcards

Path review (26 cards)

1
Q

What is Atherosclerosis?

A

refers to the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls (plaque), which can restrict blood flow. The plaque can burst, triggering a blood clot.

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2
Q

Atherosclerosis/Arteriosclerosis Patchy thickening (atheromas -fatty streaks) of subintimal wal (medium and large arteries) does what to the arterial walls?

A

arterial wall becomes thick and loses elasticity, dystrophic calcification (thrombus)

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3
Q

What is atheromas?

Subintimal wall includes what size arteries?

A

Fatty streaks

medium and large

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4
Q

What are risk factors of arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis?

A

hypertension (over 45 yoa), increased serum lipids, smoking DM, male mordid obesity female rates increase after menopause, M/F > 65, LDL > 160 mg/dL, Familial type III Hyperlipoproteinemia

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5
Q

What condition is the main cause of ischemic heart disease and cerebrobascular disease?

A

Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis

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6
Q

What are the types of arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis?

A

Monekeberg
Obliteans
Peripheral

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7
Q

What is monekeberg?

A

clacified tunica media, medium sized arteries (femoral, radial and eterine)

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8
Q

What are obliterans?

A

proliferation intima, small vessels and obliterates artery

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9
Q

Peripheral ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease is defined as

A

Arteriosclerosis of extremities

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10
Q

ID ways to reach Depolarization in a neuron

A
  1. Influx Na (facilitated diffusion)
  2. Ascending phase
  3. Impulse likely
  4. Na++ gates closed
  5. Threshold occurs: -55 and -50 mV
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11
Q

ID ways to reach Repolarization of a neuron.

A
  1. Efflux Potassium (facilitated diffusion)
  2. Inside membrane less positive
  3. Membrane potential towards “Resting” (K+)
  4. Descending phase
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12
Q

In a nerve action potential, describe resting stated.

What value is the membrane polarized at?

A

Before Action Potential

Valued at -90 millivolts (mV) membrane potential

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13
Q

Action potential depolarization stage is permeable to what ions?
How does it change the inside?

A

Permeable to Na+ ions
Makes the inside of neuron “more +”
-90 mV immediately neutralized

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14
Q

What occurs during repolarization stage? How fast?

A

Na+ Chanel’s BEgin to close and K+ channels open Wider

10,000th of a sec

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15
Q

A rapid diffusion of K+ occurs in what direction? What does it re-establish?

A

Exterior

Normal neg resting membrane potential

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16
Q

A. Voltage-gated Na channel outside channel is called what?
B. What is the inside channel called what?
C. What causes activation gate to flip completely open?
D. Inactivation gates ___ more slowly.

A

A. Activated gate
B. Inactivation gate
C. -70 to -50 mV, Na+ ions pour in
D. Closes

17
Q

The presynaptic transmissions of a neuron does what to the signal.

A

Sends the signal

18
Q

The Postsynaptic neuron signals are what?

A

Receives signal

19
Q

Axodendritie synaptic transmission is from

A

most synapses, from axon to dendrite

20
Q

Axosomatic synaptic transmission are from axon to what?

21
Q

AxoaXonic is from

22
Q

The __ drains the lumbers into the ___.

A

Azygous vein

SVC

23
Q

Where does the P-wave start?

Where is this structure located?

A

Starts at the Sino-Atrial (SA) Node

Located in the Crista Terminalisi of R atrium

24
Q

The SA node impulse to the AV node. What is the purpose of the AV node?

A

The purpose is to delay the P-R interval, giving more time between atrial contraction and ventricular contraction

25
The midgut rotates ___ degrees and in what direction around the Superior mesenteric artery? About how ___ degrees of rotation occurs during herniation and ___ dgresss during regression?
270 around Superior mesenteric artery Rotates 90 degrees during herniation 180 degrees of rotation during gression
26
What occurs after mitral valve closes?
1. isovolumic contraction | 2. pressure in