HEART N NECK VESSELS ANATOMY

Question 1

highly complex, consisting of the heart and a closed system of blood vessels.

Answer 1

cardiovascular system

Question 2

a hollow, muscular, four-chambered (left and right atria, and left and right ventricles) organ

Answer 2

Heart

Question 3

located in the middle of the thoracic cavity between the lungs in the space called the mediastinum.

Answer 3

Heart

Question 4

The size of the heart is about the size of a

Answer 4

clenched fist

Question 5

The heart weighs approximately

Answer 5

255g (9oz) in women
310g (10.9oz) in men.

Question 6

The heart extends vertically from the

Answer 6

left 2nd to the left 5th intercostal space and horizontally from the right edge of the sternum to the midclavicular line.

Question 7

The heart can be described as an

Answer 7

inverted cone.

Question 8

The upper portion , near the left 2nd intercostal space, is the …

Answer 8

base

Question 9

the lower portion, near the left 5th intercostal space and the left midclavicular line, is the …

Answer 9

apex

Question 10

The anterior chest area that overlies the heart and great vessels is called the

Answer 10

precordium

Question 11

The large veins and arteries leading directly to and away from the heart are referred to as the

Answer 11

great vessels.

Question 12

The heart consists of four chambers, or cavities:

Answer 12

two upper chambers:
the right and left atria

two lower chambers:
the right and left ventricles.

Question 13

The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a partition called

Answer 13

septum

Question 14

The entrance and exit of each ventricle are protected by …

Answer 14

one-way valves —that direct the flow of blood
through the heart.

Question 15

are located at the entrance into the ventricles.

Answer 15

atrioventricular valves

Question 16

There are two AV valves:

Answer 16

Tricuspid valve
the Bicuspid valve (mitral valve).

Question 17

is composed of three cups, or flaps, and is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Answer 17

tricuspid valve

Question 18

is composed of two cups and is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Answer 18

bicuspid valve (mitral)

Question 19

Collagen fibers called _______ ________ anchor the AV valve flaps to papillary muscles within the ventricles.

Answer 19

chordae tendinae

Question 20

are located at the exit of each at the beginning of
the great vessels.

Answer 20

semilunar valves

Question 21

There are two semilunar valves:

Answer 21

The Pulmonic valve
The Aortic valve

Question 22

is located at the entrance of the pulmonary artery as it exits the right ventricle.

Answer 22

pulmonic valve

Question 23

located at the beginning of the ascending aorta as it exits the left ventricle.

Answer 23

aortic valve

Question 24

is a tough, inextensible, loose-fitting, fibroserous sac that attaches to the great vessels and surrounds the heart.

Answer 24

pericardium

Question 25

a serous membrane that covers the outer surface of the heart.

Answer 25

Epicardium

Question 26

is the thickest layer of the heart, made up of contractile cardiac muscle cells.

Answer 26

Myocardium

Question 27

is a thin layer of endothelial tissue that forms the innermost layer of the heart and is continuous with the endothelial lining of blood vessels.

Answer 27

Endocardium

Question 28

refers to the filling and emptying of the heart’s chambers.

Answer 28

cardiac cycle

Question 29

The cardiac cycle has two phases:

Answer 29

Diastole Systole

Question 30

(relaxation of the ventricles, known as filling)

Answer 30

Diastole

Question 31

(contraction of the ventricles, known as emptying).

Answer 31

Systole

Question 32

endures for approximately two-thirds of the cardiac cycle

Answer 32

Diastole

Question 33

is the remaining one-third of the cardiac cycle

Answer 33

Systole

Question 34

Heart sounds are produced by

Answer 34

valve closure.

Question 35

The opening of the valve is

Answer 35

silent

Question 36

Normal heart sounds, characterized as

Answer 36

“lub dubb” (S1 and S2)

Question 37

is the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles during a given period of time (usually 1 minute) and is determined by the stroke volume (SV) multiplied by the heart rate (HR): SVxHR=CO.

Answer 37

Cardiac output

Question 38

The normal cardiac output is

Answer 38

5-6L/min

Question 39

is the amount of blood pumped from the heart with each contraction (stroke volume from the left ventricle is usually 70ml).

Answer 39

Stroke Volume

Question 40

… extend from the brachiocephalic trunk and the aortic arch.

Answer 40

The right and left common carotid arteries

Question 41

Located in the groove between the trachea and the right and left sternocleidomastoid muscles.

Answer 41

Neck Vessels - Carotid Artery Pulse

Question 42

Slightly below the mandible, each bifurcates into an

Answer 42

internal and external carotid artery.

Question 43

They supply the neck and head, including the brain, with oxygenated blood.

Answer 43

Neck Vessels - Carotid Artery Pulse

Question 44

is a centrally located arterial pulse.

Answer 44

carotid artery pulse

Question 45

is good for assessing amplitude and contour of the pulse wave.

Answer 45

carotid artery pulse

Question 46

There are two sets of jugular veins:

Answer 46

>Internal >External

Question 47

lie deep and medial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Answer 47

internal jugular veins

Question 48

are more superficial; they lie lateral to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and above the clavicle.

Answer 48

external jugular veins

Question 49

The jugular veins return blood to the heart from the head and neck by way of the

Answer 49

superior vena cava.