THORAX N LUNGS ANATOMY

Question 1

identifies the portion of the body extending
from the base of the neck superiorly to the level of the diaphragm inferiorly.

Answer 1

thorax

Question 2

distal portion of the trachea

Answer 2

Lungs

Question 3

located in the thorax and constitute the lower respiratory system.

Answer 3

Bronchi

Question 4

outer structure of the thorax is referred to as __________

Answer 4

thoracic cage.

Question 5

The thoracic cavity contains the

Answer 5

respiratory components

Question 6

thoracic cage is constructed of the

Answer 6

sternum
12 pairs of ribs
12 thoracic vertebrae
muscles
cartilage.

Question 7

It provides support and protection for many important organs including ok those of the lower respiratory system.

Answer 7

Thoracic Cage

Question 8

lies in the center of the chest anteriorly and is divided into three parts

Answer 8

sternum or breastbone

Question 9

Three parts of the sternum

Answer 9

The manubrium
The body
The xiphoid process

Question 10

connects laterally with the clavicles and the first two pairs of ribs.

Answer 10

Manubrium

Question 11

extend from the manubrium to the acromion of
the scapula.

Answer 11

Clavicles

Question 12

A U-shaped indentation located on the superior border of the manubrium is an important
landmark known as the

Answer 12

suprasternal notch

Question 13

few centimeters below the suprasternal notch, a bony ridge can be palpated at the point where the manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum.

Answer 13

sternal angle (or angle of Louis)

Question 14

is also the location of the 2nd pair of ribs and
becomes a reference point for counting ribs and intercostal spaces.

Answer 14

sternal angle (or angle of Louis)

Question 15

______ pairs of ribs constitute the main structure of the thoracic cage.

Answer 15

12

Question 16

are numbered superiorly to inferiorly, the uppermost pair being number one.

Answer 16

Ribs and Thoracic Vertebrae

Question 17

Each pair of ribs has a corresponding pair of

Answer 17

intercostal spaces

Question 18

__________ curves up immediately under the clavicles so that only a small portion of these ribs and the first interspaces are palpable.

Answer 18

first pair of ribs

Question 19

are easily located adjacent to the sternal angle.

Answer 19

2nd ribs and intercostal spaces

Question 20

________ are easy to count anteriorly because of their articulation with the sternal body.

Answer 20

Ribs two through six

Question 21

_________________ connect to the cartilages of the pair lying superior to them rather than to the sternum.

Answer 21

(seven through ten)

Question 22

An angle between the right and left costal
margins meeting at the level of the xiphoid
process is referred to as the

Answer 22

Costal angle

Question 23

It is normally less than 90 degrees but may be increased in instances of long-standing hyperinflation of the lungs as in emphysema.

Answer 23

Costal angle

Question 25

An important landmark for assessment

Answer 25

Costal angle

Question 26

called “floating” ribs because they do not connect to either the sternum or another pair of ribs anteriorly. Instead they are attached posteriorly to the vertebra and their anterior tips are free and palpable.

Answer 26

The 11th and 12th pairs of ribs

Question 27

contains of the mediastinum and the lungs, and is lined by the pleural membranes.

Answer 27

Thoracic Cavity

Question 28

refers to a central area in the thoracic cavity that contains the trachea, bronchi, esophagus, heart, and great vessels

Answer 28

Mediastinum

Question 29

The lungs lie on __________ of the mediastinum.

Answer 29

each side

Question 30

is a flexible structure that lies anterior to the esophagus, begins at the level of the cricoid cartilage in the neck, and is approximately 10 to 12 cm. long in an adult .

Answer 30

Trachea

Question 31

______________ of hyaline cartilage compose the trachea

Answer 31

C-shaped rings

Question 32

they help to maintain the tracheas shape and prevent its collapse during respiration.

Answer 32

C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 33

are at an oblique position in the mediastinum and enter the lungs at the hilum

Answer 33

Both bronchi

Question 34

bifurcates into the right and left main bronchi.

Answer 34

Trachea

Question 35

represent “dead space” in the respiratory system, where air is transported but no gas exchange takes place.

Answer 35

Bronchi and Trachea

Question 36

They function primarily as passageway for both inspired and expired air.

Answer 36

bronchi and trachea

Question 37

are two coned-shaped, elastic structures suspended within the thoracic cavity.

Answer 37

Lungs

Question 38

extends slightly above the clavicle.

Answer 38

apex of each lung

Question 39

The base of the lungs is at the level of the ________

Answer 39

Diaphragm

Question 40

the lung extends to approximately the ____ rib.

Answer 40

6th

Question 41

Laterally lung tissue reaches the level of the ___ rib, and posteriorly the lung base lies at about the____ rib.

Answer 41

8th, 10th

Question 42

are paired yet are not completely symmetric.

Answer 42

Lungs

Question 43

Both are divided into lobes by fissures.

Answer 43

Lungs

Question 44

The ______ is made up of three lobes the _______ contains only two lobes.

Answer 44

Right lung Left lung

Question 45

In the healthy adult, during deep inspiration the lungs extend down to about the ____ intercostal space _________ and the ____ intercostal space ___________

Answer 45

8th, anteriorly 12th, posteriorly

Question 46

During expiration, the lungs rise to the ________ intercostal space anteriorly and _____ posteriorly.

Answer 46

5th or 6th 10th

Question 47

is lined with a thin, double-layered serous membrane referred to as the pleura.

Answer 47

Thoracic cavity

Question 48

thoracic cavity is lined with a thin, double-layered serous membrane referred to as the

Answer 48

Pleura

Question 49

line the chest cavity

Answer 49

Parietal pleura

Question 50

the visceral pleura covers the

Answer 50

external surface of the lungs.

Question 51

The purpose of respiration is to maintain an

Answer 51

adequate oxygen level in the blood to support cellular life.

Question 52

By providing ______ and eliminating ______ _______, respiration assists in the rapid compensation for metabolic acid-base defects.

Answer 52

Oxygen, Carbon dioxide

Question 54

assists in the rapid compensation for metabolic acid-base defects.

Answer 54

Respiration

Question 55

can cause acid-base imbalances.

Answer 55

Changes in the respiratory pattern

Question 56

is the mechanical act of breathing and is accomplished by expansion of the chest, both vertically and horizontally.

Answer 56

External respiration or ventilation

Question 57

is accomplished through contraction of the diaphragm.

Answer 57

Vertical expansion

Question 58

Vertical expansion is accomplished through

Answer 58

Contraction of the diaphragm

Question 59

occurs as intercostal muscles lift the sternum and elevate the ribs

Answer 59

Horizontal expansion

Question 60

resulting in an increase in anteroposterior diamete

Answer 60

Horizontal expansion

Question 61

Breathing patterns change according to

Answer 61

Cellular demands

Question 62

is the work of the medulla and pons, located in the brainstem.

Answer 62

involuntary control of respiration

Question 63

The involuntary control of respiration is the work of the

Answer 63

medulla and pons located in the brainstem.

Question 64

play a role in involuntary control of respiration in response to emotional changes such as fear or excitement.

Answer 64

The hypothalamus and the sympathetic nervous system

Question 65

Hormonal Regulation changes in oxygen or carbon dioxide levels in the blood, or changes in the hydrogen ion (pH) level cause […]

Answer 65

cause changes in breathing patterns.

Question 67

Under normal circumstances, the strongest stimulus to breathe is an [..]

Answer 67

increase of carbon dioxide in the blood (hypercapnia).

Question 68

also increases respiration but is less effective than a rise in carbon dioxide level

Answer 68

A decrease in oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia)