Heart Part 2

Question 1

What forms the foundation of each of the heart valves?

Answer 1

Fibrous rings (anuli)

Question 2

What connects the fibrous rings together representing the strongest part of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Answer 2

Left and right fibrous trigones

Question 3

What makes up the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Answer 3

Anuli, fibrous trigones, and membranous part of the septal wall

Question 4

Which arteries of the heart are prone to atherosclerotic plaques due to their low pressure system?

Answer 4

Coronary arteries

Question 5

From where do the coronary arteries arise?

Answer 5

Aorta

Question 6

Which coronary artery is long?

Answer 6

Right

Question 7

What is known as the body’s natural pacemaker?

Answer 7

Sinuatrial node

Question 8

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

Answer 8

Sinuatrial nodal artery, right marginal artery, and posterior inter ventricular artery

Question 9

Which coronary artery always supplies the largest part of the heart?

Answer 9

Left

Question 10

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

Answer 10

Anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery

Question 11

What type of coronary artery dominance is present in 70% of individuals?

Answer 11

Right coronary dominance

Question 12

Left coronary dominance is present in what percentage of the population?

Answer 12

30%

Question 13

Myocardial infarction in the area of which artery usually results in the need for a pacemaker?

Answer 13

Right coronary artery

Question 14

What does the right coronary artery usually supply?

Answer 14

Right atrium, most of right ventricle, diaphragmatic surface of left ventricle, posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum, and conduction system to proximal parts of right and left bundle branches

Question 15

What does the left coronary artery usually supply?

Answer 15

Left atrium, most of left ventricle, part of right ventricle, and anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum

Question 16

Why does the left coronary artery supply a larger portion of the heart’s tissue?

Answer 16

It supplies 2/3 of the interventricular septum and is overall larger

Question 17

Where do anastomoses occur?

Answer 17

Between right coronary and circumflex arteries and between anterior and posterior interventricular arteries

Question 18

What is the largest vein of the heart?

Answer 18

Coronary sinus

Question 19

What are the five tributaries of the coronary sinus?

Answer 19

Great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, posterior vein of the left ventricle, and oblique vein of the left atrium

Question 20

What vein accompanies the anterior interventricular artery?

Answer 20

Great cardiac

Question 21

What vein accompanies the posterior interventricular vein?

Answer 21

Middle cardiac

Question 22

What vein accompanies the right coronary artery near the lower right margin of the heart?

Answer 22

Small cardiac

Question 23

What vein is located to the left of the middle cardiac vein?

Answer 23

Posterior vein of the left ventricle

Question 24

Which veins drain directly into the right atrium?

Answer 24

Anterior veins of the right ventricle

Question 25

What are the smallest veins of the heart?

Answer 25

Venae cordis minimae

Question 26

Where do the vena cords minimae drain?

Answer 26

Right atrium

Question 27

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 27

The deposition of lipid plaques on the inner walls of arteries

Question 28

What is angina pectoris?

Answer 28

Substernal chest pain upon exertion

Question 29

Why does angina pectoris occur?

Answer 29

Due to insufficient blood flow to heart tissue (ischemia)

Question 30

Angina pectoris is a symptom of what?

Answer 30

Partial occlusion of coronary artery branches

Question 31

What are the most common sites for a myocardial infarction?

Answer 31

Anterior interventricular artery (40-50%), right coronary artery (30-40%), and circumflex artery (15-20%)

Question 32

What is significant about the innervation of the heart?

Answer 32

It has its own contractile mechanism and does not require a nerve supply to beat rhythmically

Question 33

What is the purpose of nerve supply to the heart?

Answer 33

To alter the rate of beating

Question 34

What is the innervation of the heart?

Answer 34

Cardiac plexus (Superficial cardiac plexus and deep cardiac plexus)

Question 35

Parasympathetic innervation of the heart comes from which nerve?

Answer 35

Vagus

Question 36

What is the chiropractic note on myocardial infarctions?

Answer 36

Subluxations in the T1-T4 region are frequently associated with them.

Question 37

What is the sinuatrial node located?

Answer 37

Upper end of the crust terminals near the junction of the right atrium with the superior vena cava