Heart Sounds Flashcards
1
Q
What is S1?
A
Mitral and tricuspid valves (between atria and ventricles) closing
2
Q
What is S2?
A
Aortic and pulmonary valves closing
3
Q
What is S3?
A
Rapid ventricular filling in early diastole
Happens when a large volume of blood strikes a very compliant LV
4
Q
When is S3 sound normal?
A
In young people, well-trained athletes or pregnant women
5
Q
What could a pathological S3 sound indicate?
A
Mitral valve regurgitation
Heart failure (usually over-compliant and dilated LV)
6
Q
Where is the S3 sound heard best?
A
Cardiac apex (5th intercostal, mid-clavicular)
7
Q
What is the S4 sound?
A
Pathological gallop
Due to blood being forced into a stiff hypertrophic ventricle during atrial contraction.
8
Q
What can an S4 sound be a sign of?
A
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
Aortic stenosis
9
Q
A
