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2a Cardio > Coagulant Testing > Flashcards

Coagulant Testing Flashcards

1
Q

What is bleeding time and what is the normal range?

A

Measure of how fast the small blood vessels in the skin stop bleeding
1-9 minutes

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2
Q

When would a coagulation test be performed?

A

Unexplained bleeding
Pre-operative testing
Monitoring anticoagulants

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3
Q

What is the INR derived from?

A

PT

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4
Q

What is the usual target range of INR for a patient on warfarin?

A

2-3

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5
Q

What does the PT measure?

A

Prothrombin time measures the time it takes for the extrinsic and common pathways to occur

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6
Q

What is the order of clotting factors in the extrinsic and common pathway?

A

7, 3, 10, 5, 2, 1

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7
Q

What is the normal range of PT?

A

9-12 seconds

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8
Q

What does aPTT stand for?

A

activated Partial Thromboplastin Time

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9
Q

What does aPTT measure?

A

The time for the intrinsic and common pathway

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10
Q

What is the normal range of aPTT?

A

25-45 seconds

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11
Q

How is a PT test carried out?

A

Put patient’s plasma into a blue-top test tube containing Na citrate.
Add tissue extract and Ca2+

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12
Q

How is an aPTT test carried out?

A

Put patient’s plasma into a blue-top test tube containing Na citrate.
Add surface activator and Ca2+

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13
Q

What is the order of clotting factors in the intrinsic and common pathways?

A

12, 11, 9, 8, 10, 5 2, 1

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14
Q

Which clotting factors require vitamin K?

A

2, 7, 9 and 10

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15
Q

What might cause a prolonged PT?

A

Vitamin K deficiency
Warfarin
Liver disease
Factor deficiency
APS (antiphospholipid syndrome)
Heparin
DIC

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16
Q

Briefly, how does Heparin work?

A

Promotes anti-thrombin III which inactivates factor II, IX and X

17
Q

What might cause a prolonged aPTT?

A

Heparin
Haemophilia a (VIII)
Haemophilia b (IX)
vWD
Liver disease
APS
Warfarin
DIC

18
Q

Is it easier to monitor Warfarin using PT or aPTT?

A

PT

19
Q

Is it easier to monitor Heparin using PT or aPTT?

A

aPTT

20
Q

What does TT stand for?

A

Thrombin Time

21
Q

What does TT measure?

A

Time taken for the final step of coagulation:
fibrinogen to be activated by thrombin to fibrin

22
Q

How is a TT test performed?

A

Add patient’s plasma to blue-top test tube containing Na citrate
Add dilute thrombin

23
Q

What is the normal range for TT?

A

12-19 seconds

24
Q

What might cause a long TT?

A

Hypofibrinogenemia
Thrombin inhibitor
UFH/LMWH
DIC
liver disease
Warfarin

2a Cardio (36 decks)

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