Heart Sounds/Blood + Pulse Pressure - Heart Dissection (L2)

Question 1

Stethoscope

Answer 1

Listening device with a frequency response. Used to listen for noise produced by turbulence- caused by blood passing through arteries deformed by the pressure of the sphygmonometer.

When cuff pressure is greater than arterial, no blood gets through- can’t hear anything.

When max blood pressure during systole pushes a little blood beneath the cuff, sounds are produced.

Sound 1.) Caused by the closure of the AV valves (inlet valves of the ventricles), as ventricular pressure rises above atrial pressure. LUB.

Sound 2.) Second major sound, caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves as ventricular pressure falls below arterial pressure. DUB.

Question 2

Sphygmomanomter

Answer 2

Measures an unknown pressure by balancing it against a second, known pressure.

Consists of a:
1. rubber bag surrounded by a cloth cuff, makes the pressure of gas within the bag transmit to the tissues of the arm, including the tissues passing beneath

2. manometer, or pressure measuring device,
3. an inflation and deflation system with a bulb.

Question 3

Systolic pressure

Answer 3

Maximum pressure in the artery - the cuff pressure at which sound first appears distal to the cuff.

Question 4

Diastolic pressure

Answer 4

The minimum pressure in the artery - the cuff pressure at which the sound intensity abruptly decreases and the quality changes.

Question 5

Sinoatrial node

Answer 5

AKA SA node. A specialized mass of myocardial cells, capable of spontaneously generating action potentials. The pacemaker for the entire heart.

Question 6

Electrocardiography

Answer 6

Record is an ECG– the recording of the electrical changes at the body surface.

*As the wave of excitation spreads from the SA node, through the right and left atria, to the ventricles via the AV node. (Then goes to the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers, which conducts the excitation around the ventricles, causing them to contract. Potential changes are conducted to the body surface and are measured.)

Can be recorded by measuring the potential differences between any 2 points on the body.

Question 7

P - ECG

Answer 7

Atrial depolarization, occurs prior to atrial contraction

Question 8

QRS peak - ECG

Answer 8

Ventricular depolarization

Question 9

T - ECG

Answer 9

Ventricular repolarization