Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NURS200 > Heart stuff > Flashcards

Heart stuff Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Angina Pectoris (1 of 2)

A

Defined as acute chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Myocardial ischemia

A

Condition in which the supply of oxygen to the myocardium does not meet the metabolic demands of the myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of angina

A

Stable

Vasospstic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of angina

A

Silent
Unstable
Angina of effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nutritional Therapy of Angina

A

Large meals should be avoided because they increase the work-load of the heart. Plus, blood is diverted to the digestive system and reduced to the coronary arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does BMI matter for angina?

A

More fat, more load on the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prophylactically

A

In prevention of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

O2 therapy on an acute attack

A

Can make them feel better even if it’s not objectively doing so

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Goals in management of angina

A

Decrease frequency and intensity of attacks
Increase exercise tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Organic nitrates and angina

A

Terminate anginal episodes by ___________coronary arteries to _________ O2 needs

Dialate to decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Beta adreneergic blocks prevent angina

A

Reducing Cardiac workload by slowing heart down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Calcium channel blockers
and angina

A

Prevent angina episodes by either reducing CO (decrease O2 demand) dilating coronary arteries (increase O2 demand) or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Organic nitrates

A

Preventing and terminating angina episodes

Relax venous muscle _ reduces preload and decreases O2 demand on myocardium

Relax arterial muscle _ relax spasms and pain can increase oxygen

Can cause reflex tachycardia, HOTN, flushing, and a headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nitroglycerin trade names

A

Nitro-Dur, Minitran, Nitrostat, Trinipatch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Therapeutic effects and uses of nitro

A

Acute angina
Acute congestive heart failure
Acute pulmonary edema
Acute myocardial infarction
Severe / emergency hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mech of action for nitro

A

NO relaxes vascular smooth muscle of arteries (increases O2 supply, decreases afterload and O2 demand) and veins (decreasing preload and O2 demand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Serious adverse effects of nitro

A

Anaphylaxis, methemogloineamia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nursing considerations for clients receiving nitro

A

Obtain complete health history including allergies and drug history, characteristics of angina, history of cardiac disorders
Assess vital signs and 12 lead ECG
Obtain lab tests including cardiac enzymes, complete blood count (CBC), kidney and liver function tests
Assess if client has taken phosphodiesterase -5 inhibitors (such as sildenafil) within last 24 hours why?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If Assess if client has taken phosphodiesterase -5 inhibitors (such as sildenafil) within last 24 hours why?

A

VIagra can seriousoly increase risk of storkes and MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Interventions when administering antiangina med

A

Assess for pain
Asses that it is reducing pain
Monitor BP/Pulse
Ask about ED drug (Can lead to profound hypotension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When using vasodialotrs which vs do we monitor

A

BP and pulse (will drop BP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nitro protocol

A

Pain
1st dose
5min
Pain
2nd dose + 911
5min
Pain
3rd Dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nitro glycernin pathces are used for the _____ of angina

22
Q

Why do we remove nitro pathces

Study These Flashcards
A

Not to OD
Also they can build up a tolerance
To avoid skin irritation

23
Nitro pathces are always placed
Upper body Clean dry skin Not an arms Shave hairy skin Initial with date and time
24
Drugs alternative to nitro fro angina
Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers Also applicable for HTN
25
Attenolol
Therapeutic effects and uses Stable angina, MI Hypertension Mechanism of action Blocks beta1 receptors in heart causing a reduction in HR, and contractility which decreases CO and blood pressure O2 demand is decreased, relieving angina
26
Beta blockers
Block beta receptors in the heart which are sympathetic causing greater parasympathetic response decreaing HR
27
Beta Blocker Adverse effects
Adverse effects Bradycardia, hypotension Fatigue, weakness Nausea, vomiting At high doses, can block beta2 receptors and exacerbate asthma by promoting bronchoconstriction
28
Metoprolol
Beta1 receptor blocker (selecticve) Does NOT cause bronchconstriction decreased HR and contractility which decreases myocardial O2 demand Treats Angina, MI Hypertension Some dysrhythmias Some cases of congestive heart failure Migraines
29
Adverse effects of metoprolol
HOTN Masks symptoms of hypoglycemia Cause fatigue Dizziness Blurred vision GI effects
30
Calcium Channel Blockers used for
Vasospastic angina, stable angina Hypertension Atrial dysrhythmias
31
Calcium channel mech of action
Relax arterial muscle (nifedipine, diltiazem) Increases O2 supply Decreases afterload, decreasing O2 demand Some reduce heart rate and contractility (verapamil, diltiazem) Decreases O2 demand
32
Adverse effects of Ca channel blockers
Can exacerbate some dysrythmias Don't give to pts with HF - Can INCREASE fluid overload, causing per. edema
33
Heart block
AV block, beat slowly or skip a beawt
34
Prototype drub Diltiazem
Therapeutic effects and uses Stable angina Atrial dysrhythmias Hypertension Mechanism of action Blocks cardiac calcium channels Decreases HR and force of contraction, decreasing O2 demand of myocardium Blocks vascular smooth muscle channels Increases O2 supply in coronary arteries (vasodilation) Decreases O2 demand by decreasing afterload (decreased HR anf contraction)
35
Adverse Effets of Diltiazem
Bradycardia HOTN (vasodialate) Flushing, dizziness, headache Fluid buildup - Periph edema
36
Symptoms of MI
37
Treatment foals og MI infarction
Restore blood supply to myocardium Thrombolytics, organic nitrates Reduce myocardial oxygen demand Beta blockers Control MI‒associated dysrhythmias Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers Reduce post-MI mortality ASA, ACE inhibitors Manage severe MI pain and anxiety Analgesics
38
Most common and serious ad erse efefct of thrombolytics
Bleeding
39
Reteplase (Retavase)
Used for MI Mech of action: Functions as a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) converting plasminogen to plasmin, dissolves clots Adverse effects: Bleeding N/V, Fever
40
Antiplatlet meds examples
ASA chewable, then either ticagrelor or clopidogrel.
41
Antiplatlets useful for MI
Dramatically reduces mortality in the coming weeks. Clopidogrel and ticlopidine (ticid) antiplatelet drugs usen in the prevention of MI
42
Anticoagulants examples
Heparin
43
Other meds used for MI besides anticoag and platlet
Atropine- for symptomatic bradyarrhythmia's Dimenhydrinate : Gravol Fentanyl? Lorazepam? Metoclopramide? Morphine? Nitro spray?
44
Ace inhibs are given when in an MI
Given within 1 – 2 days of onset of MI, following thrombolytic therapy, Captopril and lisinopril have been determined to improve survival. Improve ventricular remodelling
45
Nutritional Therapy post stroke
Sit up pt high when they eat Assessed by SLP Check for pocketing
46
TPN
Total parental nutrition
47
Why would a person recieve parental nutritoin
Colon cancer
48
Enteral feed for diabetes
Specifically LOW glucose
49
Indications for tube feed
Severe swallowing difficulties Little or no appetite for extended periods; malnourished GI obstructions, some types of fistulas, or impaired motility in the upper GI tract Intestinal resections Mentally incapacitated Coma Extremely high nutrient requirements Mechanical ventilation
50
Complications with tube feed
GI: Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, cramping, distention, constipation Mechanical: Tube displacement or obstruction, pulmonary aspiration, mucosal damage Metabolic: Hyperosmolar dehydration or overhydration; Abnormal Na, K, PO4, mg; Hyperglycemia; rapid weight gain
51
Medications by tube
Liquid form preferred Flush before and after meds Check that medication can be crushed or diluted Never crush time-released, liquid-filled capsules or enteric coated Do not mix multiple meds unless compatibility known If going in jejunum instead of stomach, check effect of medication absorption May need to stop feed before / after drug – know the protocol for each med with tube feeds Some tubes have an additional port for medication administration, so you do not have to disconnect reconnect.
52
Components of TPN
Carbohydrates Amino Acids Fats Electrolytes and Minerals Vitamins Trace elements Two bags
53
TPN issues
Catheter probs Blood clots Electrolyte and fluid imbalances BG levels Liver funciton
54
We allow a certian amount of HTN in CVAs for
48hrs
55

NURS200 (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions