Helmintology Flashcards
(285 cards)
1
Q
Nowadays we have started to use Praziquantel in Eq deworming. Why is that?
A
Amitraz ø useful.
2
Q
Parasites effecting the Cow’s eye:
A
Thelaziosis, Onchocercosis.
3
Q
Eye disease in grazing Eq via nematodes:
A
- L3 of Draschia megastoma.
- Adults of Thelazia lacrymalis.
- Microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis.
- Microfilariae of Setaria equine.
4
Q
Skin surface migration in humans called:
A
Cutaneous larva migrans
5
Q
They belong to the phylum of Flatworms:
A
Trematodes ( flukes) + Cestodes ( tapeworms).
6
Q
Which is ø related to others?
A
Cercaria.
7
Q
Development phases of Flukes:
A
- 5 stages.
- Egg- MI- SPO- RE- CE.
8
Q
Which developmental form comes after Miracidium?
A
Sporocyst.
9
Q
This larval stage follows the Redia stage:
A
Cercaria.
10
Q
Larva leaving IH?
A
Cercaria.
11
Q
What occurs after Metacercariae?
A
Adult.
12
Q
Can occur in the environment:
A
Metacercariae.
13
Q
Which flukes don’t occur in intestines?
A
F. hepatica, D. dentriticum, Paramphistomum spp.
14
Q
Trematode ( Flukes) egg can be detected via:
A
FEC.
15
Q
What is ø effective against flukes?
A
Ivermectin.
16
Q
Liver flukes development?
A
MI- SPO- RE1- RE2- CE.
17
Q
Which is the IH of F. hepatica ( common liver fluke)?
A
Galba truncatula snail.
18
Q
Hosts of F. hepatica:
A
Wide Most herbivorous mammals + humans.
19
Q
This/ These animals has/ have low resistance against F. hepatica:
A
Rabbit, Sheep, Goat
20
Q
F.hepatica location:
A
Bile ducts.
21
Q
Large American liver fluke:
A
Fasciola magna.
22
Q
Which is the IH of large American fluke?
A
Galba truncatula.
23
Q
F. magna egg size:
A
110- 160 µm with zygote.
24
Q
Deer is the host of which fluke?
A
F. magna.
25
Choose the right statement:
F.magna can't complete it's life cycle in small Ru.
26
In which sp. is F. magna incapsulated?
Deer, cattle.
27
Small Ru fatal death can be caused by:
F. magna.
28
Which sp. lives in a capsule in liver?
F. magna.
29
Which fluke causes caverns in liver?
F. magna.
30
It feeds through the body surface too:
F. gigantica ( large liver fluke).
31
Drugs use against liver flukes?
Triclabendazole.
32
Rumen fluke development:
MI- SPO- RE- CE.
33
What is ø absolutely necessary in life cycle of Rumen fluke?
2 IH.
34
How can you diagnose acute Paramphistomosis?
Necropsy.
35
What is the larval stage that develops in Dicrocoelium in ants?
Metacercaria.
36
Schistosoma, Dicrocoelium development:
MI- SPO1- SPO2- CE.
37
How many IH does lancet fluke have?
2.
38
Dicrocoeliosis is:
Zoonotic.
39
Where in the world is S.mansoni found?
Tropical Africa + South America- Tropical + Subtropical zones.
40
Which Schistosoma sp. can be found in bladder?
S. mansoni + S. haematobium.
41
Blood fluke infects host by:
Penetrating skin (percutan/ per os).
42
What is the name of infective stage of Blood flukes:
Furocercariae.
43
How do offspring of Blood flukes get out from final host?
Eggs.
44
Which developmental stages of Blood fluke occur in snail?
SPO + CE.
45
Blood fluke infection from what?
Urine + faeces.
46
This parasite do ø have metacercaria?
Blood fluke.
47
Number of IH in Alaria alata?
2.
48
Alaria alata in Paratenic hosts:
Mesocercariae.
49
Where is Alaria alata (flatworm)?
- Final hosts- Dog, cat.
- Paratenic host- Sus, poultry, humans.
- Small intestine.
50
Proglottids are produced by:
Cestoda.
51
What is true about scolex in Cestoda only?
For attachment.
52
Diphyllobothriosis does ø occur in:
Sheep.
53
Sp. ø effected by Diphylobothrium latum?
Cattle.
54
Life cycle of Diphyllobotrium:
Indirect.
55
Diphyllobothrium causes:
Anemia, vit B12 deficiency.
56
How does Diphylobotrium latum infect?
/os- via fish intake.
57
How can a human be infected with Diphyllobotrium latum ( broad tapeworm)?
Ingestion of fish.
58
Human can be infected by eating infected meat including:
Diphylobothrium latum.
59
Meat borne infection of human is/ are:
Diphylobotriosis, Pork measle.
60
What is inside the ovum of Diphyllobotrium?
Zygote.
61
Diphyllobotrium have:
Yellow, oval egg with zygote inside.
62
The offspring of Broad Tapeworm is shed by host in which form?
Egg.
63
Tapeworm of Ru:
- Indirect lifecycle.
- IH- Box mites (Oribatidae).
- Eggs ( + 6 hooked oncosphere)--> Cysticercoid L2.
64
Worm which looks like grains of cooked rice in faeces in sheep:
Moniezia expansa.
65
Monieza spp. FEC with flotation:
- M. expansa- Triangular egg.
| - M. benedeni- Quadrangular egg.
66
It's larvae are ø hepatophilic:
Echinococcus granulosus.
67
The infective stage of E. granulosus is:
Hydatid cyst.
68
Cystic echinococcosis/ Hydatidosis/ Hydatid disease:
- Parasitic zoonoses.
- Caused by E. hydatidosus, infective L2 of E. granulosus.
- IH=> Ru, Eq, Sus, humans.
69
Infective stage of E. granulosus in Humans:
G1 ( from sheep), G2 ( T sheep).
70
Treatment against Echinococcus spp in Dogs:
- Praziquantel 5mg/kg.
| - Epsiprantel 7.5mg/kg.
71
E. multilocularis can occur in humans:
Never.
72
Can cat be infected with E. multilocularis?
True.
73
How many proglottids does Diphyllidium caninum have?
Many.
74
Diphylidium caninum can cause visceralis larva migrans in Human:
False.
75
What is the name of the most common tapeworm in Eq?
Anoplocephala perfoliata.
76
Life cycle of Anoplocephala:
Indirect.
77
What do we diagnose with Proudman method ( FEC type)?
Anoplocephala perfoliata.
78
Moxidectin isn't good against:
Anoplocephala.
79
Which tapeworm spp. can cause autoinfection in humans?
Taenia solium + saginata + asciatica, Diphylobotrium latum.
80
Found in the brain:
Cysticercus cellulosae (Human + Sus, m., heart, eyes).
81
Tapeworms belong to:
Platyhelminthes.
82
Lifecycle of Tapeworms:
Indirect.
83
Which domestic animal doesn't have specific tapeworm sp?
Sus.
84
From which do only 1 tapeworm develop?
Cysticercoid + Strobilocercus.
85
Many adult tapeworms develop from this type of larva:
Echinococcus + Coenurus.
86
It occurs in vertebrate IH:
Plerocercoid- m. of fish.
87
Only 1 protoscolex develops from:
Strobilocercus.
88
This larva is ø able to reproduce asexually in host:
Cysticercus.
89
It can develop asexually:
Sporocyst.
90
If meat infected:
Discarded immediately.
91
What is found in m.?
Cysticercus cervi + cellulosae + bovis, Coenurus serialis.
92
The following statement is correct:
Hepatophilic tapeworm larva develops to L2.
93
Which is ø hepatophilic:
T. longicollis, E. granulosus.
94
Beef measles:
- Cysticercus bovis in cattle--> Bladder worm/ beef measles.
| - Infective L2 of human tapeworm, T. saginata.
95
Carcass unfit for consumption:
If 2/ more living cysts are found at more than 1 inspected site.
96
Pork measles:
- Carcass damage when tapeworms are encysted in meat.
| - Caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, infective L2 of human pork tapeworm, Taenia solium.
97
Larva of Taenia hydatigena:
Is hepatophilic.
98
The IH of T.pisiformis are:
Rabbit, hare.
99
What is the host sp. of Taenia ovis?
Dog.
100
Cysticercus tennuicollis is L2 that develops to T. Ovis?
False.
101
Cysticercus ovis effects which organs?
M., heart.
102
Which 1 doesn't occur in m.?
Cysticercus pisiformis, C. tenuicollis.
103
How many protoscolices are in Cysticercus piriformis?
1.
104
Tapeworm whose metacestodes is C. cellulosae?
Taenia solium.
105
Echinococcus hydatidiosus is L3:
False.
106
What's the name of tapeworm sp. of red foxes which causes severe infection in Human?
E. multilocularis.
107
It occurs in invertebrate IH:
Cysticercoid.
108
' Hepatitis cysticercosa' caused by:
Cysticercus tenuicollis + pisiformis.
109
The infective stage of T. solium can develop in?
Humans + Sus.
110
Graphidium strigosum location:
Stomach of rabbit.
111
This infection can be detected by inspecting faeces with flotation method:
Spirocercosis, Trichostrongylus.
112
It lives in large intestine of Ru:
- Chabertia ovina- colon + rectum.
| - Oesaphagustomum dentatum- Caecum + colon.
113
Which one has a smooth surface?
Toxascarina leonina.
114
PE- 2 of this/ these sp. isn't ascaroid type:
A. galli + T. leonina.
115
Galactogenic infection related to what type migration?
Toxocaroid type.
116
Which one has earthworm as IH:
Lungworms of Sus, Nematode of dog.
117
Hyostrongylus rubidus ( red stomach worm) location:
Stomach- gastric mucosa, Sus.
118
Hyostrongylus causes:
- Larvae- Hypertrophic, ulcerative, acute gastritis- Blood in gastric lumen.
- Adult worms- chronic catarrhal gastritis, gastric ulceration.
119
Hyostrongylus rubidus vs Oesophagostomum. Eggs can be differentiated:
False.
120
Hyostrongylus detection:
FEC.
121
What is the infective stage of Amidostomosis?
L3- Egg--> L3 hatches, survives in shallow H2O.
122
It occurs in gizzard of ducks + birds:
Amidostomum anseris.
123
What can be detected in living birds infected with Amidostomum spp.?
Eggs from faeces.
124
How does Amidostomum infect?
- /os + /cutan.
| - Infection orally with H2O.
125
It does ø have extra- intestinal migration:
Amidostomum anseris.
126
What is the name of Cat Stomach worm?
Ollulanus tricuspis.
127
Hosts of Ollulanosis:
Cat, wild cat, other felids.
128
What is the route of infection with Stomach worm of cat?
Ingesting of vomit of infected cat containing L3- Larvae do ø pass out with faeces.
129
Infective stage of Cat stomach worm?
L3.
130
What is laid by female stomach worm of cat?
L3- Female is viviparous, eggs develop to L3 ' in utero'.
131
Trichostrongylosis in Eq:
Trichostrongylus axei- In stomach + prox. small intestine- direct life cycle- L3 infective stage.
132
Host specificity of Trichostrongylus axei?
Euryxenous.
133
The host spectrum of Trichostrongylus axei:
Eq + Donkeys.
134
Cooperia location:
Small intestine.
135
In which spp. is Haemonchus contortus 1ºly found?
Sheep + goat abomasum.
136
Which ressembles a barber's pole?
Haemonchus contortus.
137
In which spp is Haemonchius placei 1ºly found?
Cattle.
138
Type 1 or ' Summer Ostertagiosis':
High morbidity, low mortality.
139
Type 2 or ' Winter Ostertagiosis':
Low morbidity, high mortality.
140
Which has a bent head?
Hookworms.
141
Hookworm in Car. Feeding habits + location:
Adult are blood feeders, in small intestine.
142
The cats can be infected with Uncinaria stenocephala:
True.
143
What happens to human if infected with Ancylostomatidosis?
Creeping eruption.
144
Dipylidium caninum can cause visceralis larva migrans in Human:
False.
145
Which ways can cat be infected with hookworms?
- /os, /cutan, with milk, prenatal, by paratenic hosts.
146
The endectocides are effective against:
Hookworms.
147
Which nematodes is in small Ru?
Bunostomum trigonocephalum- lambs.
148
Which bunostomum sp. infects cattle?
Bunostomum phlebotomum.
149
Hookworm route of infection in Ru:
per cutan or orally.
150
Strongyloides are:
Oviparous, Viviparous.
151
How many IH is/ are needed in development of Strongyloides spp.?
0.
152
Location of adult Strongyloides spp. ( dwarf worms).
Small intestine.
153
Where does Threadworm live in host?
In small intestine.
154
Strongyloides spp. infection:
/cutan, /os, autoinfection.
155
What is the speed of development of galactogenic infection compared to per cutan infection of Strongyloidosis?
- Sus 3 days galactogenic vs. 6 days per cutan.
| - Ru 5 days galactogenic vs. 9 days per cutan.
156
How does galactogenic infection of Strongyloides happen?
- Hypobiotic larvae reactivate + change.
| - Larvae development arrested- migrate to mammary gl- colostral + lactogenic infection.
157
How does autoinfection larva of Strongyloides develop?
Go to intestine after lung passage.
158
Name of Dwarf worm in Sus?
S. ransomi.
159
How are Sus infected with Dwarf worms?
/os, /cutan, with milk.
160
Diagnosis:
Ellipsoidal egg- containing morula/ L1.
161
How do Sheep get infected with ' Dwarf Nematode'?
/cutan.
162
What is the host sp. of Strongyloides westeri?
Eq + donkeys.
163
S. westeri's main route of infection:
Colostral + lactogenic infection in very young foals.
164
Most common way of infection of foals with Threadworms:
Galactogenic.
165
Route of infection in dogs of Strongyloides stercoralis.
/cutan.
166
In faeces of pups with strongyloides occurs:
Larva.
167
In puppy faeces, you find which form of Strongyloides?
Free L1 pass in faeces.
168
It occurs in dogs:
Strongyloides stercoralis.
169
Can Strongyloidosis of dogs infect humans?
True.
170
Lifecycle of roundworm of car:
Direct, egg- L3.
171
Which one is distinguishable from other because of it's morphology?
T. leonina.
172
T. canis:
- PE2 depends on host age.
- Ascaroid type, < 1 mnth, PP 28 days.
- Toxocaroid type >1mnth.
173
T. cati:
- PE2 similar to T. canis, but ø intra uterine infection.
| - Lactogenic route.
174
T. leonina:
PE2- Ascaridoid type.
175
How can dogs become infected with roundworms?
/os, prenatal/ intrauterine, Transmammary/ lactogenic, eating paratenic host.
176
Eggs of Parascaris equorum:
Spherical, yellowish brown, thick shelled with pitted surface.
177
Bo toxocarosis occurs in:
Calves < 6 mnths.
178
Clinical signs of Ascaris suum:
Acute/ chronic multiple intestinal hepatitis- ' Milk spots'.
179
Eggs of Ascaris suum:
Ovoid, mammillated thick shell.
180
Infection of Ascaridia suum with:
L3- Egg with L3.
181
Ascaridoid type( infective form):
PE2- Ascaridia galli.
182
Which egg is similar to Ascaridia galli?
Heterakis gallinarum.
183
Heterakis spp. location:
Caecum.
184
Heterakis spp. vector of:
Histomonas meleagridis.
185
Occurence of Strongyle decreased since:
Regular use of antihelminthic treatment.
186
Small strongyle diagnosis:
Faecal examination- Strongyle type eggs.
187
Strongyle infection in faecal sample of a 7 mnth old Eq. Most likely infected by:
S. equinus, S. edentatus.
188
Strongylidosis infection:
L3.
189
Moxidectin is effective against:
Strongylidosis.
190
Cyasthostominosis is:
Synchronous emergence of thousands of hypo- biotic Cyasthostome L4.
191
How can you detect small Strongyle infection of Eq?
FEC with flotation.
192
What kind of drug (s) has/have good efficacy against encysted larvae of small Strongyles?
Fenbendazole, Moxidectin.
193
They can cause the Nodular Worm infection of Ru:
Oesophagostomum spp.
194
Causes the infection of Sus:
Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum + dentatum.
195
Causes the infection of Cattle:
Oesophagostomum radiatum.
196
Causes the infection of small Ru:
Oesophagostomum columbianum.
197
Oesophagostomum infection via:
Ingestion of L3.
198
Where do Oesophagostomum worms live?
In large intestine: Caecum + colon.
199
ø extraintestinal migration:
Oesophagostomum.
200
Has histotrophic phase:
Oesophagostomum.
201
Oesophagostomum eggs ( strongyle- type eggs) are hard to distinguish from:
Hyostrongylus eggs ( stomach worm).
202
Which one of these have similar development as Chabertia?
Oesophagostomum.
203
How to detect Oxyuris equi:
Eggs from perineal region with adhesive tape.
204
Host of Passalurus ambiguous:
Rabbit.
205
Passalurus ambiguous location:
Caecum + colon.
206
Passalurus lay:
L3.
207
What is the genus name of Whipworms?
Trichuris.
208
What hosts spp. don't have Whipworm/ Trichuris spp.?
Eq.
209
Location of Trichuris spp:
Caecum + colon.
210
Trichuris vulpis can be found in duodenum?
False.
211
Infective stage of Whipworm:
L1.
212
Ways cats are infected with Trichuris:
/os.
213
Detection of Trichuris spp:
Flotation.
214
Chabertia ovina ( large mouthed bowel worm) location:
Large intestine- colon _ rectum.
215
It lives in the large intestine of Ru ( Sheep, goat):
Chabertia ovina.
216
What is the Latin name of worm living in birds' trachea?
Syngamus trachea- Gapeworm.
217
Syngamus trachea host:
Domestic fowl, turkeys, pheasants, game birds, patridges.
218
Syngamus trachea has an IH?
False.
219
Dictyocaulus infective form:
L1.
220
Dictyocaulosis of Cattle:
Dictyocaulus viviparus + eckerti.
221
Dictyocaulosis of sheep + goat:
Dictyocaulus filaria.
222
What can you find in faecal sample of sheep infected with Dictyocaulus filaria?
Eggs contanin L1.
223
Dictyocaulosis of Donkey + Eq.
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi.
224
Prostrongylidosis of sheep + goat ( nodular lungworm disease).
- Small lungworms.
- In small bronchi : Prostrongylus rufescens.
- In lung parenchyma: Cytocaulus orcreatus, Muellerius capillaris, Neostrongylus linearis.
225
Nodular lungworm lifecycle:
Indirect.
226
The wormknot contains 1 sexually active worm in lung of sheep:
False.
227
Metastrongylosis ( Lungworm disease of Sus):
Metastrongylus apri M. pudendotectus + salmi.
228
Life cycle of Lungworm of Sus:
Indirect.
229
Oslerus osleri:
Dog, L1.
230
Filaroides milksi, Filaroides hirthi:
Dog, L1- infective stage- Transmitted by saliva, coprophagy, licking.
231
Filaroides milksi can effect cats:
False.
232
Eucoleus aerophilus:
Dog + cat: infection by eggs containing infective stage L1 + by paratenic host earthworms.
233
Cresoma vulpis:
- Indirect lifecycle.
- L1 ( in faeces)- IH ( molluscs).
- Infection by snails/ slugs ( L3).
234
Angiostrongylus vasorum lifecycle:
Indirect.
235
Can cats get French heartworm ( Angiostrongylus vasorum)?
Yes.
236
The French heartworm has been recently detected in:
Western Europe.
237
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus:
- Cat.
- L1 ( in faeces)--> IH ( snails _ slugs).
- Paratenic hosts ( small rodents, birds, amphibians, reptiles).
238
What is the length of Lungworm of cats?
- 1cm.
| - A. abstrusus is 5- 10mm.
239
Aerulosrtongylus abstrusus travels to lung parenchyma + bronchi via:
Blood.
240
Where does the Cat's Aelurostrongylus worm develop?
Bronchiole + alveolar ducts.
241
What can be in faeces of cat infected with Lungworm?
L1.
242
How can you detect A. abstrusus in cats?
Baermann technique.
243
Oslerus rostratus, Cat:
L1, indirect lifeccyle.
244
Fertilised worms of D. immitis can be found at 4 mnth:
True.
245
1st microfilariae appear in blood of Dog wih Dirofilaria immitis only ___ after infection?
6- 7 mnths.
246
Clinical sign of cat with Heartworm?
Coughing.
247
What do you detect in Dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis?
Microfilariae.
248
Diagnosis of Dirofilaria:
Modified knott method.
249
What is the effective drug against D. immitis adults?
Melarsomine.
250
Is Trichinellosis ( Trichinosis) ( M. worm disease) zoonotic?
Yes, Food borne parasitozoonosis.
251
Size of Trichinella:
1- 4 mm.
252
What is the infective stage of Trichinella spp?
L1- m. Trichinella.
253
Trichinella spp. lifecycle:
Indirect- ø free living stage.
254
In EU, majority of Trichinella infections caused by:
T. spiralis, T. britovi, T. nativa.
255
In Europe, majority of Human infection is caused by which Trichinella?
T. spiralis.
256
Infective Trichinella may survive in __ pork for many mnths:
In smoked, salted, picled.
257
Trichinella is encapsulated in which tissue?
L1 encapsulated in striated skeletal m.
258
Trichinella 1st in:
Small intestine- mating- L1- Bloodstream- Pectoral mm.
259
Treatment of Trichinella:
Fenbendazole, Albendazole.
260
What cause summer sores in Eq?
Cutaneous habronematidosis.
261
Spirocercosis of Dogs Treatment:
Milbemicin oxim.
262
Thelaziosis in Cattle + Eq? ( eye worm).
- Cattle: T. gulosa, T. rhodesi, T. skrjabini.
| - Eq: T. lacrymalis.
263
Eye worm in dog:
Thelezia californiesis, T. calipaeda, Onchocera.
264
Summer bleeding caused by:
Parafilaria multipapillosa in Eq + Donkey.
265
Summer bleeding location:
In small haemorrhagiv nodules formed in subcutaneous + inter- muscular CT.
266
Vector for summer bleeding:
Muscoid flies- Haemaotbia atripalpis.
267
Summer bleeding can be treated with:
Ivermectin, Moxidectin.
268
Parafilariosis of cattle:
Parafilaria bovicola.
269
Vector for Onchocerciosis:
- Black flies of genus Simulium.
| - Biting midges of genus Culicoides.
270
Which causes conjunctivitis in Eq?
Onchocercosis cervicalis.
271
What is the name of eyeworm of Dogs?
Onchocerca lupi.
272
Where can you find the adults of Setaria equina?
Peritoneal + pleural cavity.
273
In Eq abdomen:
Setaria.
274
How to detect Setaria equina?
Knott method.
275
Name a Nematode in dog bladder:
Capillaria plica.
276
Capillaria infective stage:
L1.
277
The lifecycle of Capillaria plica is direct:
False.
278
The infective stage of thorny headed worms develop in insects:
True.
279
Where is Acanthocephalosis ( thorny head- worm) found?
Small intestine.
280
Acanthocephala hirundinaceus can't be found in which sp?
Sheep.
281
The thin shelled egg of Acanthocephala contains:
Larva.
282
What is acanthor?
L1.
283
What has ø digestive tract:
Cestode, Acantocephala.
284
Macracanthorhinchus hirndinaceus occurs in:
Small intestine.
285
Where can you find M. hirundinaceus in Sus?
Small intestine, duodenum + jejunum.
