Hem-Onc - Antitumor Antibiotics

Question 1

Dactinomycin (actinomycin D): mech

Answer 1

Intercalates in DNA

Question 2

Dactinomycin: uses

Answer 2

Wilms tumor, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma.

Used for childhood tumors (“children ACT out”)

Question 3

Dactinomycin: tox

Answer 3

Myelosuppression

Question 4

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin): mech

Answer 4

Generate free radicals. Intercalate in DNA –> breaks in DNA –> decreased replication
Antitumor activity in tetracycline ring

Question 5

Doxorubicin: uses

Answer 5

Solid tumors, leukemias, lymphomas

Question 6

Doxorubicin: tox

Answer 6

Cardiotoxicity (dilated cardiomyopathy), myelosuppression, alopecia.
Toxic to tissues following extravasation.
Dexrazoxane (iron chelating agent) used to prevent cardiotoxicity

Question 7

Drug used to prevent cardiotoxicity with doxorubicin/daunorubicin use:

Answer 7

Dexrazoxane (iron chelating agent)

Question 8

Daunorubicin: mech

Answer 8

Generate free radicals.

Intercalates DNA –> breaks in DNA –> decreased replication

Question 9

Daunorubicin: uses

Answer 9

Solid tumors, leukemias, lymphomas.

Question 10

Daunorubicin: tox

Answer 10

Cardiotoxicity (dilated cardiomyopathy), myelosuppression, alopecia.
Toxic to tissues following extravasation.
Dexrazone (iron chelating agent), used to prevent cardiotoxicity

Question 11

Bleomycin: mech

Answer 11

Induces free radical formation, which causes breaks in DNA strands

Question 12

Bleomycin: uses

Answer 12

Testicular cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 13

Bleomycin: uses

Answer 13

Testicular cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 14

Bleomycin: tox

Answer 14

Pulmonary fibrosis, skin changes, mucositis.

Minimal myelosuppresion