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Hem-Onc > Hem-Onc: Other cancer drugs > Flashcards

Hem-Onc: Other cancer drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Cisplatin: mech

A

Cross-link DNA

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2
Q

Cisplatin: uses

A

testicular, bladder, ovary, and lung carcinomas

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3
Q

Cisplatin: tox

A

Nephrotoxicity and acoustic nerve damage.

Prevent nephrotoxicity with amifostine (free radical scavenger) and chloride diuresis

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4
Q

Amifostine:

A

free radical scavenger, used to prevent nephrotoxicity in cisplatin and carboplatin

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5
Q

Carboplatin: mech

A

cross-link DNA

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6
Q

Carboplatin: uses

A

testicular, ovary, bladder, and lung carcinomas

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7
Q

Carboplatin: tox

A

Nephrotoxicity, and acoustic nerve damage.

Prevent nephrotoxicity with amifostine (free radical scavenger) and chloride diuresis

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8
Q

Etoposide: mech

A

CCS: G2 phase

eTOPOside inhibits TOPOisomerase II –> increased DNA degredation

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9
Q

Etoposide: uses

A

solid tumors (particularly testicular and small cell lung cancer), leukemias, lymphomas

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10
Q

Etoposide: tox

A

Myelosuppression, GI irritation, alopecia

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11
Q

Teniposide: mech

A

CCS: G2 phase

Inhibits topoisomerase II –> Increased DNA degredation

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12
Q

Teniposide: uses

A

Solid tumors (particularly testicular and small cell lung cancer), leukemias, lymphomas

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13
Q

Teniposide: tox

A

Myelosuppression, GI irritation, alopecia

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14
Q

Irinotecan: mech

A

Inhibit topoisomerase I and prevent DNA unwinding and replication

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15
Q

Irinotecan: uses

A

Colon cancer

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16
Q

Irinotecan: tox

A

Severe myelosuppression, diarrhea

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17
Q

Topotecan: mech

A

Inhibit topoisomerase I and prevent DNA unwinding and replication

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18
Q

Topotecan: uses

A

Ovarian and small cell lung cancers

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19
Q

Topotecan: tox

A

Severe myelosuppression, diarrhea

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20
Q

Topotecan: tox

A

Severe myelosuppression, diarrhea

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21
Q

Hydroxyurea: mech

A

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase –> decreases DNA Synthesis (S-phase specific)

22
Q

Hydroxyurea: uses

A

Melanoma, CML, sickle cell disease (increases HbF)

23
Q

Hydroxyurea: uses

A

Melanoma, CML, sickle cell disease (increases HbF)

24
Q

Hydroxyurea: tox

A

Bone marrow suppression, GI upset

25
Q

Hydroxyurea: tox

A

Bone marrow suppression, GI upset

26
Q

Prednisone, Prenisolone: mech

A

May trigger apoptosis. May even work on nondividing cells

Suppresses mitosis in lymphocytes

27
Q

Prednisone, Prednisolone: uses

A

Most commonly used glucocorticoids in cancer chemotherapy.
Used in CLL, non-Hodgkin lymphomas (part of combination chemotherapy regimen).
Immunosuppressants (ex. autoimmune dx)

28
Q

Prednisone, Prednisolone: tox

A

Cushing-like symptoms; weight gain, central obesity, muscle breakdown, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, HTN, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis

29
Q

Tamoxifen: mech

A

CCS: G1 phase
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulater (SERM)
Receptor antagonists in breast and agonist in bone.
Block binding of estrogen to ER + cells

30
Q

Tamoxifen: uses

A

Breast cancer treatment (tamoxifen only) and prevention.

31
Q

Tamoxifen: tox

A

Partial agonist in endometirum, which increases risk of endometrial cancer; “hot flashes”

32
Q

Raloxifene: mech

A

CCS: G1 phase
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulater (SERM)
Receptor antagonist in breast and agonist in bone
Blocks binding of estrogen to ER + cells

33
Q

Raloxifene: uses

A

Breast cancer prevention, prevention of osteoporosis

34
Q

Raloxifene: tox

A

no increase in endometrial carcinoma because it is an endometrial antagonist!

35
Q

Trastuzumab (Herceptin): mech

A

CCS: G1 phase
Monoclonal Ab against HER-2 (c-erbB2), a tyrosine kinase receptor.
Helps kill breast cancer cells that overexpress HER-2, through inhibition of HER2-initiated cellular signaling and Ab-dependent cytotoxicity

36
Q

Trastuzumab (Herceptin): uses

A

HER-2 + breast cancer and gastric cancer (tras2zumab)

37
Q

Trastuzumab (Herceptin): tox

A

Cardiotoxicity. “HEARTceptin” damages the HEART

38
Q

Imatinib (Gleevec): mech

A

CCS: G1 phase
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of bcr-abl (Philadelphia chromosome fusion gene in CML) and c-Kit (common in GI stromal tumors)

39
Q

Imatinib (Gleevec): uses

A

CML and GI stromal tumors

40
Q

Imatinib (Gleevec): tox

A

fluid retention

41
Q

Rituximab: mech

A

Monoclonal Ab against CD20, which is found on most B-cell neoplasms

42
Q

Rituximab: uses

A

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis (with MTX), ITP

43
Q

Rituximab: tox

A

Increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

44
Q

Vemurafenib: mech

A

small molecule inhibitor of forms of B-Raf kinase with the V600E mutation

45
Q

Vemurafenib: uses

A

Metastatic melanoma

46
Q

Bevacizumab: mech

A

Monoclonal antibody against VEGF. Inhibits angiogenesis

47
Q

Bevacizumab: uses

A

Solid tumors (colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma)

48
Q

Bevacizumab: tox

A

Hemorrhage and impaired wound healing

49
Q

Bevacizumab: tox

A

Hemorrhage and impaired wound healing

50
Q

Erlotinib: mech

A

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor

51
Q

Erlotinib: uses

A

non-small cell lung carcinoma

52
Q

Erlotinib: tox

A

Rash

Hem-Onc (9 decks)

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