Hematologic And Immunologic Dysfunction Flashcards
What information is important to collect when assessing hema?
CBC History and physical Comments on lack of energy Food diary Frequent infections Bleeding
What do red blood cells do?
Carry O2 via hemoglobin
Release CO2 in lungs and pick up O2
What do white blood cells do?
Responsible for immune responses
What do platelets do?
Clotting component
What is erythropoiesis?
Process of forming new RBCs
Where are RBCs formed?
Bone marrow
What is polycythemia?
Above average increase in RBCs
What is anemia?
A reduction in the number of RBCs
What causes anemia?
Depletions of RBC, hemoglobin, or both
How is anemia diagnosed?
Hemoglobin less than 11-10 g/dL
How does anemia affect the circulatory system?
Hemodilation Decreased peripheral resistance Increased cardiac circulation and turbulence Cyanosis Growth retardation
Which two age groups are at high risk for iron deficiency anemia?
Infants and adolescents
What is sickle cell anemia?
Partial or total replacement of normal hgb with abnormal hgb S
What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?
Autosomal recessive disorder
What is the prognosis for sickle cell anemia?
No cure
Supportive care/prevention of suckling episodes
How long is fetal hemoglobin present for?
4-6 months
What can precipitate a sickle cell crisis?
Anything increasing the body's need for oxygen Trauma Infection/fever Physical or emotional stress Hypoxia
How is sickle cell crisis treated?
Rest Hydration Electrolyte replacement Analgesia Blood replacement Antibiotics
What is thalassemia?
Genetic disorder of deficiencies of the rate of production of globin chains in the hgb
How does thalassemia present?
Not until later half of infancy
Severe anemia and growth failure
What is the treatment for thalassemia?
Blood transfusion for normal hgb levels
Desferal
What is pancytopenia?
Simultaneous depression of all formed elements of the blood
What is hypoplastic anemia?
Profound depression of RBCs but normal WBCs and platelets
How is aplastic anemia treated?
Similar to leukemia
Immunosuppressive therapy and bone marrow transplantation
