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Hematology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Hematopoiesis

A

The production of RBC

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2
Q

What is the common cell that creates all blood cells

A

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

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3
Q

Why are anticoagulants needed

A

To prevent clotting

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4
Q

What is plasma

A

Whole blood minus the cells

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5
Q

What is serum

A

Whole blood minus the cells and clotting factors

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6
Q

List 2 of the most useful pieces of information that most automated hematology analyzer’s generate

A

WBC AND RBC COUNT

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7
Q

What is packed cell volume and why is it important

A

The % of whole blood that is composed of RBC. It can indicate anemia or dehydration

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8
Q

What is the most abundant WBC in dogs

A

Neutrophils

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9
Q

What is the most abundant WBC in ruminants

A

Lymphocytes

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10
Q

List 2 groups of cells that are evaluated for morphology

A

RBC and WBC

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11
Q

What are reticulocytes

A

Immature erythrocytes that contain ribosomes that are lost as the cells mature

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12
Q

Where are all blood cells made

A

Red bone marrow

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13
Q

As the water in the blood decreases, the packed cell volume and total plasma proteins __________

A

Increase

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14
Q

-penia

A

Decrease number of cells in the blood

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15
Q

-Philia or -cytosis

A

Increased number of cells in the blood

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16
Q

Increased number of immature neutrophils in the blood is referred to as

A

Left shift

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17
Q

Destruction of RBC is referred to as

A

Hemolysis

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Any samples of blood that are not tested within 1 hour must be refrigerated

A

True

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
heparin can not alter WBC morphology

A

FALSE
It interferes with staining of WBC morphology

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20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
EDTA does not alter cell morphology

A

TRUE
it is the preferred anticoagulant for hematologic studies

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21
Q

What order should blood be put into lab tubes by color

A

Blue
Red
Tiger top
Green or tan
Purple
Gray

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22
Q

Blue tops contain

A

Sodium nitrate

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23
Q

Red tops contain

A

No additives

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24
Q

Green or tan tops contain

A

Heparin

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25
Purple tops contain
EDTA
26
Gray tops contain
Potassium oxalate or sodium fluoride
27
Blue tops are used for
Coagulation studies
28
Red tops are used for
Serum for blood chemistry
29
Green or tan tops are used for
Plasma for blood chemistry
30
Purple tops are used for
Hematology
31
Gray tops are used for
Coagulation testing
32
Neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and monocytosis due to increased cortisol levels
Stress leukogram
33
Hemolysis is
Breakdown of RBC
34
TRUE OR FALSE The needle can be left on the syringe before transferring blood to a blood tube
False The needle should be removed to prevent hemolysis
35
A manual blood count is preferred on what species
Avians
36
Increased number of circulating red blood cells is called
Polycythemia or erythrocytosis
37
Increased PCV and Hemoglobin concentrations can indicate what
Dehydration
38
What is icteric
Yellowing of mm and other parts of the body can indicate liver damage
39
High concentrations of emulsified fat in the blood
Lipemia
40
What type of analyzer ? Classifies cells based on their sizes, give quantitative info about cell populations
Impedance
41
What type of analyzer ? Provide estimated cell counts
Quantitative buffy coat
42
What type of analyzer ? Count and classify cells based on their size and density
Laser based flow cytometer analyzers
43
The buffy coat consists of what
WBC and platelets
44
Serum that appears cloudy is described as
Lipemic This could be because the patient was not fasted properly prior to blood collection
45
Normal PCV value for a canine is
37-55
46
The normal PCV value for a feline is
30-45
47
The normal PCV value for equine is
32-57
48
The normal PCV value in bovine is
24-42
49
What is hemoglobin
Iron and chains of amino acids
50
MCV=
Mean corpuscular volume
51
MCH=
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
52
MCHC=
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
53
What does MCV measure
The average size of the erythrocytes
54
What does MCH measure
Mean weigh of the hemoglobin
55
What are 3 reasons blood smears performed
1. WBC count 2. Estimate platelet numbers 3. Evaluate morphological features of RBC and WBC
56
Canines and felines with neutrophils that have more than 5 lives present are considered _____ and thus usually attributes to aging of neutrophils
Hypersegmented
57
Common changes in neutrophils associated with inflammation, infection, and or drug toxicity
Toxic change
58
What is a smudge cell
Degenerated WBC that has ruptured
59
A degenerative change to the nucleus of a WBC characterized by dissolution of nuclear membrane; associated with septic exudates
Karyolysis
60
What is intracytoplasmic inclusion of a WBC
Inclusions in the WBC from infectious diseases
61
Fragmentation of the nucleus after cell death
Karyorrhexis
62
Condensing of the nucleus after the cell dies
Pyknosis
63
Results in bridging and clumping of RBC and will not disperse when saline is added to the slide. This occurs in immune mediated disorders
Autoagglutination or agglutination
64
Grouping of RBC in stacks that will disperse with the addition of saline, normal to see in healthy horses, pigs, and cats
Rouleaux
65
Variation in the size of RBC
Anisocytosis
66
Increased staining of RBC
Polychromasia
67
Also called spur cells; irregular spiculated RBC with a few unevenly distributed surface projections.
Acanthocyte
68
Also called burr cells; spicualted RBC with numerous short, evenly spaced blunt to sharp surface projections of uniform size and shape.
Echinocytes
69
Echinocytes are typically seen in
Snake bites in dogs, drying of blood smears or little blood mixed with EDTA
70
Acanthocytes can be seen in
Patient with altered lipid metabolism or cancer
71
Basophilic nuclear ruminants that are seen in young RBC during response to anemia (RBC will have prominent dots in it)
Howell jolly bodies
72
WBC that is a helper cell and produces antibodies
Lymphocytes
73
Rare WBC seen in antihistamine response
Basophils
74
WBC that mainly kills parasites and fungi
Eosinophils
75
Clean of crew of WBCs
Monocytes
76
Phagocytic WBC
Neutrophils
77
Round structures present that represent denatured hemoglobin and that are caused by certain oxidant drugs or chemicals (Lead poisoning)
Heinz body

Clinical Pathology (9 decks)

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