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Internal Medicine Mnemonics > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

Hemoglobin A

A

Most abundant form in adults

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2
Q

HbA1C

A

Use to determine levels of glucose by non-enzymatic addition of glucose to hemoglobin

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3
Q

Methemoglobin

A

Oxidation of the heme component of hemoglobin to iron which cannot bind oxygen

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4
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin

A

Form of hemoglobin where CO binds tightly but reversibly

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5
Q

Fetal Hemoglobin

A

Tetramer consisting of two alphas and gamma chains

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6
Q

Hemoglobin Bart’s

A

Gamma-tetramers in the newborns

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7
Q

Cirrhosis, Diabetes, Hypogonadism

A

Clinical syndrome of hemochromatosis

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8
Q

Heme-cointaining

A

Hemoglobin - (+)

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9
Q

Contains fibrous components

A

Hemoglobin - (-)

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10
Q

Level of structure exhibited

A

Hemoglobin - quaternary

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11
Q

Tissues in the body where it is mostly found

A

Hemoglobin - blood

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12
Q

Number of maximum bound oxygen molecules

A

Hemoglobin - 4

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13
Q

Oxygen binding affected by pH and CO2

A

Hemoglobin - yes

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14
Q

Function in relationship with oxygen

A

Hemoglobin - O2 transporter

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15
Q

Has taut and relaxed forms

A

Hemoglobin - yes

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16
Q

Curve exhibited in terms of O2 dissociation

A

Hemoglobin - sigmoidal

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17
Q

Megaloblastic Anemia

A

Impairment of DNA synthesis that leads to distinctive morphologic changes

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18
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

Most common nutritional disorder in the world

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19
Q

Anemia of Chronic Disease

A

Most common cause of anemia among hospitalized patients

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20
Q

Aplastic Anemia

A

Syndrome of chronic primary hemtopoietic failure and attendant pancytopenia

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21
Q

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

A

Platelet - normal

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22
Q

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

A

Platelet - decreased

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23
Q

TTP

A

Platelet - decreased

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24
Q

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

A

Platelet - decreased

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25
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia
Platelet - normal
26
Von Villebrand Disease
Platelet - normal
27
Hemophilia
Platelet - normal
28
Vitamin K Deficiency
Platelet - normal
29
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Platelet - decreased
30
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Intrinsic, extravascular
31
G6PD Deficiency
Intrinsic, intravascular
32
Sickle Cell Anemia
Intrinsic, extravascular
33
Thalassemia
Intrinsic, extravascular
34
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Intrinsic, intravascular
35
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Extrinsic, intravascular
36
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
Extrinsic, intravascular
37
Macroangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
Extrinsic, intravascular
38
Pallor, jaundice and splenomegaly
Triad of hemolytic anemia
39
Presence of splenomegaly in extravascular hemolysis
Differentiates intravascular from extravascular hemolysis
40
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Autosomal dominant disorder caused by intrinsic defects in the red cell membrane; increased MCHC
41
G6PD Deficiency
X-linked recessive disorder that reduces protection of RBCs from oxidative injuries, leading to hemolysis
42
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Intravascular hemolysis due to increased complement medicated RBC lysis
43
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
Hemolytic anemia seen in DIC, TTP-HUS, SLE, and malignant hypertension
44
Macroangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
Caused by trauma to RBCs in individuals with cardiac valve prostheses
45
Hereditary spherocytosis
Description - small hyperchromic RBC lacking central pallor
46
Asplenia
Description - small dark nuclear remnants in RBCs of asplenic patients
47
G6PD deficiency
Description - membrane-bound precipitates on denatured globin chains
48
G6PD deficiency
Description - RBCs with damaged membranes due to removal of Heinz bodies by splenic macrophages
49
Sickle cell anemia
Description - RBCs shaped like curbed blades
50
Sickle cell anemia; Thalassemia
Description - dehydrated RBCs with bull's eye appearance
51
RBC trauma, certain drugs, HUS
Description - fragmented RBCs; also called helmet cells if cut in half
52
RBC trauma
Description - RBCs with spikes
53
Bence-Jone Proteins
Excess light or heavy chains along with complete Ig synthesized by neoplastic plasma cells
54
Thymoma
Tumor of the thymus associated with myasthenia gravis and pure red cell aplasia
55
Multiple myeloma
Most important monoclonal gammopathy usually presenting as tumorous masses scattered throughout the skeletal system
56
Nodular Sclerosis
(HL) Most common type; lacunar variant RS cells
57
Lymphocyte-rich
(HL) Lymphocytes make up the vast majority of cellular infiltrate; mononuclear variant RS cells; best prognosis
58
Lymphocyte predominant
(HL) Relatively good prognosis; contains popcorn cells
59
Lymphocyte-depleted
(HL) Worst prognosis
60
Diffuse large B-cell
(NHL) Most common type
61
Burkitt's lymphoma
(NHL) Translocation on chromosome 8; presents with starry-sky pattern
62
Mantle cell lymphoma
(NHL) Biopsy reveals homogenous population of small lymphocytes, does not have centroblasts and proliferation centers
63
HL
Reed-Sternberg Cells
64
NHL
Associated with HIV and immunosuppression
65
NHL
Multiple peripheral nodes; extranodal involvement common, non-contiguous spread
66
HL
Low-grade fever, night sweats, weight loss
67
HL
EBV association; bimodal distribution
68
Severe infection
Description - abnormal azurophilic (primary) granules
69
Severe infection
Description - patches of dilated endoplasmic reticulum that appear as sky blue cytoplasmic puddles
70
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Description - distinctive needle-like azurophilic granules found in myeloblasts
71
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Description - scattered macrophages with abundant wrinkled green blue cytoplasm
72
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia
Description - small lymphocytes disrupted in the process of making smears
73
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Description - large cells with multiple nuclei or a single nucleus with multiple lobes
74
Adult T-cell lymphoma
Description - cells found in adult T-cell lymphoma which appear to have multi-lobulated nuclei
75
Multiple myeloma
Description - destructive plasma cell tumors involving axial skeleton
76
Multiple myeloma
Description - fiery red cytoplasm
77
Multiple myeloma
Description - pink globular cytoplasmic inclusion
78
Multiple myeloma
Description - blue globular nuclear inclusions
79
Multiple myeloma
Description - M proteins causing RBCs to stick in linear arrays
80
Sideroblastic anemia
Description - erythroblasts with iron-laden mitochondria visible as perinuclear granules
81
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Description - neutrophils with only two nuclear lobes
82
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Description - megakaryocytes with single nuclear lobes or multiple separate nuclei
83
Primary myelofibrosis
Description - premature release of nucleated erythroid and early granulocyte progenitors
84
Primary myelofibrosis
Description - cells that were probably damaged during the birthing process in the fibrotic marrow
85
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Description - pentalaminar tubules, often with a dilated terminal end (tennis racket-like appearance)
86
Congestion of the spleen
Description - small yellow-brown, brown or rust-colored foci in the spleen

Internal Medicine Mnemonics (8 decks)

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