Hematology Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
normal platelets
A
150,000-450,000
2
Q
Hgb males
A
14-18
3
Q
Hgb females
A
12-16
4
Q
What is hematocrit
A
proportion of RBCs in 1 mL of plasma
5
Q
Hct males
A
42-52%
6
Q
Hct females
A
37-47%
7
Q
MCV
A
80-100
8
Q
MCHC
A
31-37
9
Q
MCH
A
25-35
10
Q
TIBC
A
250-410
11
Q
Serum ferritin
A
20-400
12
Q
What is serum ferritin
A
storage form of iron
-most sensitive test for IDA
13
Q
Serum iron
A
50-175
14
Q
RDW
A
<15
15
Q
Reticulocytes
A
0.5-2.5%
16
Q
Poikilocytosis
A
seen with severe IDA
abnormal and variable shapes
17
Q
anisocytosis
A
variable sizes of RBC
seen with IDA
18
Q
normal folate
A
3.1-7.5
19
Q
normal B12
A
> 250
20
Q
normal WBC
A
5-10
21
Q
Gold standard to diagnose hemoglobinopathies
A
hemoglobin electrophoresis
22
Q
Secondary polycythemia can result from
A
- chronic smokers
- long-term COPD
- long-term residency in high altitudes
- EPO treatment
23
Q
Most common anemia
A
IDA
24
Q
IDA symptoms
A
- fatigue
- exertional dyspnea
- glossitis
- angular chelitis
- pica
25
Severe IDA symptoms
- koilonychia
- systolic murmur
- tachycardia
- heart failure
26
IDA labs
- low ferritin
- low serum iron
- high TIBC
- high RDW
- MCV <80
- MCH <25
27
Medication for IDA
- ferrous sulfate 325 mg PO TID between meals
- take with vitamin C
- treat for 3-6 months to increase ferritin stores
28
Ferrous sulfate interactions
-avoid antacids, dairy, quinolones, tetracyclines
29
How much elemental iron needed for replacement
150-200 mg/day
30
When to recheck hemoglobin with iron replacement therapy
1 month
31
What is thalassemia
- genetic disorder
| - BM produces abnormal hgb
32
Ethnic groups at risk for thalassemia
- Mediterranean
- North African
- Middle Eastern
- Southeast Asian
33
Gold standard for thalassemia diagnosis
Hgb electrophoresis
34
Thalassemia labs
- normal iron panel
- microcytic, hypochromic
- aniscocytosis, poikilocytosis
35
Thalassemia treatment
- genetic counseling
| - minor trait does not need treatment
36
If patient took an antacid, how long to wait before taking iron
4 hours
37
Gold standard for aplastic anemia
BM biopsy
38
What is aplastic anemia
-BM production slows or stops all the cells
| pancytopenic
39
Anemia of chronic disease labs
- normocytic
- normochromic
- underlying chronic disease
40
What is vitamin B12 essential for
- neuron and brain health
- normal DNA production of RBC
- neurologic damage may be irreversible
41
Pernicious anemia
autoimmune disorder
destruction of parietal cells in fundus
results in B12 deficiency anemia
42
Vitamin B12 deficiency presentation
- older female
- gradual onset of paresthesias on feet or hands
- pallor
- pale conjunctiva
- glossitis
- difficulty walking
43
Vitamin B12 aka
cobalamin
44
Urine test for vitamin B12
24-hour urine for methylmalonic acid (MMA) elevated
45
Vitamin B12 deficiency labs
- macrocytic, hyperchromic
- decreased B12 levels
- homocysteine level: elevated
- antibody tests: antiparietal and anti-intrinsic factor antibody (test for pernicious anemia)
46
Vitamin B12 deficiency treatment
-lifetime supplement of B12
every day for 1 week IM
then weekly for 1 month
then monthly for life
47
Vitamin B12 deficiency peripheral smear results
- macroovalocytes
| - hypersegemented neutrophils (>5)
48
Folate aka
Vitamin B9
49
When should neuro improvements be seen with vitamin B12 def
5-10 days
50
How long should folic acid deficiency be treated
1-4 months until hematologic recovery
51
Sickle cell anemia is autosomal ___
recessive
52
Diagnostic test for sickle cell anemia
Hgb electrophoresis
53
S/sx of sickle cell anemia
- ischemic necrosis
- renal or liver dysfunction
- priapism
- hemolytic episodes
- hyposplenism
- frequent infections
54
Sickle cell anemia treatment
- refer to heme
| - genetic counseling
55
Thrombocytopenia treatment
- refer to heme
- prednisone for 4-6 weeks
- minimal bruising activities
- avoid ASA
56
Leukocytes are also called
segs or polys
57
When polys and lymphs are widely different consider
bacterial
58
If polys and lymphs are close in number, consider
viral
59
Which vitamin needs to be supplemented with a vegan diet
Vitamin B12
| obtained through animal products
60
What is transferrin
measurement of the protein that binds iron to blood
61
What labs would be effected by taking iron supplement
serum iron
TIBC
transferrin
62
What is ferritin
iron storage protein
63
Gold standard for diagnosing IDA
absence of storage iron on BM stains
| -ferritin levels drop
64
sickle cell crisis
- sudden severe pain
- tachypneic
- ulcers
- infection
65
Most common allergy in adults
crustaceans
66
Which form of iron is soluble
ferrous sulfate
67
Where does iron absorption occur
duodenum and proximal jejunum
68
Hemophilia is what kind of genetic disorder
X-linked recessive
69
Which age range is at greatest risk for IDA
toddler: 12-36 months
70
Which bleeding disorder is most common
von Willebrand disease
71
alpha thalassemia is more common in
-Asians like Chinese and Filipinos
72
beta thalassemia is more common in
- Mediterrnean
| - Greece and Italy
73
Multiple Myeloma is a cancer of what cells
plasma cells
