Hematology Definitions

Question 1

Cell Nucleus

Answer 1

Regulates cell function, contains DNA, nuclear membrane

Question 2

Mitochondria

Answer 2

Provides energy, rod-shaped organelle with 2 layers

Question 3

Cell Membrane

Answer 3

Selective permeability, transport, and provides stability, recognition of foreign substances

Question 4

Lysosome

Answer 4

Membrane bound sac that contains hydrolytic enzyes that degrade phagocytized materials

Question 5

RER

Answer 5

Interconnecting membrane-bound tubules and vesicles, ribosomes on surface, synthesis of proteins

Question 6

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 6

Flattened sacs, often curved and arranged in parallel arrays, assembly of polypeptides into proteins, packaged and released into cytoplasm

Question 7

RBC

Answer 7

Carries O2 to tissues and CO2 away

Question 8

Platelet

Answer 8

Clotting mechanism

Question 9

Neutrophils

Answer 9

Responds to infections (bacterial), foreign bodies, phagocytosis

Question 10

Lymphocytes

Answer 10

Antibody production

Question 11

Monocytes

Answer 11

Phagocytosis, presents foreign antigens to lymphocytes

Question 12

Eosinophils

Answer 12

Phagocytosis, destruction of parasites, inactivation of substances

Question 13

Basophils

Answer 13

Phagocytosis, cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions, local inflammatory response, anaphylasis

Question 14

EDTA

Answer 14

Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid
Chelates Calcium

Question 15

Serum

Answer 15

Fluid left when blood is clotted, no fibrinogen present

Question 16

Plasma

Answer 16

Fluid when blood is not clotted, contains fibrinogen
Present in lavender top tube

Question 17

Wright Stain

Answer 17

Methylene Blue, Eosin Dissolved in Methanol, Buffered Water

Question 18

Oxyhemoglobin

Answer 18

Hemoglobin bound to O2, carries O2

Question 19

Reduced Hemoglobin

Answer 19

Hemoglobin not bound to O2

Question 20

Sulfhemoglobin

Answer 20

Hemoglobin bound to sulfur, cannot carry O2

Question 21

Carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 21

Hemoglobin bound to CO, cannot carry O2

Question 22

Methemoglobin

Answer 22

Hemoglobin with Fe in 3+ state, cannot carry O2

Question 23

Three colorimetric methods for measuring Hemoglobin

Answer 23

Cyanmethemoglobin
Alkali-hematin
Oxyhemoglobin

Question 24

Rule of Three

Answer 24

RBC x 3 = Hgb, Hgb x 3 = Hct
Use as check on CBC

Question 25

Altitude effect on Hemoglobin

Answer 25

Causes physiologic incease in Hgb

Question 26

Outline Reaction during cyanmethemoglobin procedure

Answer 26

K ferricyanide oxidizes Hgb (Fe+2) to methemoglobin (Fe+3) K cyanide provides CN ions to convert methemoglobin to cyanmethemoglobin H2PO4 decreases conversion time to cyanmethemoglobin non-ionic detergent - enhances lysis of RBC and decrease turbidity

Question 27

Name the types and % of Hgb in adults

Answer 27

Hgb A1 - 96.98% Hgb A2 - 1.5 - 3.5% Hgb F - <1%

Question 28

Abnormal Hemoglobin types

Answer 28

Sulfhemoglobin - sulfur in O2, mauve or green Methemoglobin - Fe in Fe+3 state, brown Carboxyhemoglobin - CO in O2, cherry red

Question 29

Precursor to Protoporphyrin

Answer 29

Delta-amino levulinic acid

Question 30

General Structure of Hemoglobin

Answer 30

2 pairs of polypeptide chains + 4 heme groups

Question 31

Globin Chaings found in Hgb A1, A2, and F

Answer 31

A1 - alpha 2, beta 2 A2 - alpha 2, delta 2 F - alpha 2, gamma 2

Question 32

Three conditions that shift O2 dissociation curve to left

Answer 32

Decreased levels of 2,3 DPG, increased pH, increased O2 tension

Question 33

Three conditions that shift O2 dissociation curve to right

Answer 33

Increased levels of 2,3 DPG, decreased pH, decreased O2 tension

Question 34

Icteric

Answer 34

Increased bilirubin, jaundice, liver disease

Question 35

Pink or Red plasma

Answer 35

Hemolysis in vivo or in vitro

Question 36

Monocytosis is associated with

Answer 36

fungal infections and post chemotherapy

Question 37

Anisocytosis

Answer 37

Variation in RBC size Seen in many anemias

Question 38

Macrocytes

Answer 38

RBCs >9 um Megaloblastic, anemias, liver disease, reticulocystosis normal in newborns

Question 39

Microcytes

Answer 39

RBCs <6 um Iron deficiency anemias, thalassemia, siderblastic anemia, anemia or chronic inflammation

Question 40

Normocytic

Answer 40

Normal Cell Size