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Hematology Review > Hematology Definitions > Flashcards

Hematology Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Nucleus

A

Regulates cell function, contains DNA, nuclear membrane

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2
Q

Mitochondria

A

Provides energy, rod-shaped organelle with 2 layers

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3
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Selective permeability, transport, and provides stability, recognition of foreign substances

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4
Q

Lysosome

A

Membrane bound sac that contains hydrolytic enzyes that degrade phagocytized materials

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5
Q

RER

A

Interconnecting membrane-bound tubules and vesicles, ribosomes on surface, synthesis of proteins

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6
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Flattened sacs, often curved and arranged in parallel arrays, assembly of polypeptides into proteins, packaged and released into cytoplasm

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7
Q

RBC

A

Carries O2 to tissues and CO2 away

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8
Q

Platelet

A

Clotting mechanism

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9
Q

Neutrophils

A

Responds to infections (bacterial), foreign bodies, phagocytosis

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10
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Antibody production

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11
Q

Monocytes

A

Phagocytosis, presents foreign antigens to lymphocytes

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12
Q

Eosinophils

A

Phagocytosis, destruction of parasites, inactivation of substances

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13
Q

Basophils

A

Phagocytosis, cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions, local inflammatory response, anaphylasis

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14
Q

EDTA

A

Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid
Chelates Calcium

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15
Q

Serum

A

Fluid left when blood is clotted, no fibrinogen present

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16
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid when blood is not clotted, contains fibrinogen
Present in lavender top tube

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17
Q

Wright Stain

A

Methylene Blue, Eosin Dissolved in Methanol, Buffered Water

18
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin bound to O2, carries O2

19
Q

Reduced Hemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin not bound to O2

20
Q

Sulfhemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin bound to sulfur, cannot carry O2

21
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin bound to CO, cannot carry O2

22
Q

Methemoglobin

A

Hemoglobin with Fe in 3+ state, cannot carry O2

23
Q

Three colorimetric methods for measuring Hemoglobin

A

Cyanmethemoglobin
Alkali-hematin
Oxyhemoglobin

24
Q

Rule of Three

A

RBC x 3 = Hgb, Hgb x 3 = Hct
Use as check on CBC

25
Q

Altitude effect on Hemoglobin

A

Causes physiologic incease in Hgb

26
Q

Outline Reaction during cyanmethemoglobin procedure

A

K ferricyanide oxidizes Hgb (Fe+2) to methemoglobin (Fe+3)
K cyanide provides CN ions to convert methemoglobin to cyanmethemoglobin
H2PO4 decreases conversion time to cyanmethemoglobin non-ionic detergent - enhances lysis of RBC and decrease turbidity

27
Q

Name the types and % of Hgb in adults

A

Hgb A1 - 96.98%
Hgb A2 - 1.5 - 3.5%
Hgb F - <1%

28
Q

Abnormal Hemoglobin types

A

Sulfhemoglobin - sulfur in O2, mauve or green
Methemoglobin - Fe in Fe+3 state, brown
Carboxyhemoglobin - CO in O2, cherry red

29
Q

Precursor to Protoporphyrin

A

Delta-amino levulinic acid

30
Q

General Structure of Hemoglobin

A

2 pairs of polypeptide chains + 4 heme groups

31
Q

Globin Chaings found in Hgb A1, A2, and F

A

A1 - alpha 2, beta 2
A2 - alpha 2, delta 2
F - alpha 2, gamma 2

32
Q

Three conditions that shift O2 dissociation curve to left

A

Decreased levels of 2,3 DPG, increased pH, increased O2 tension

33
Q

Three conditions that shift O2 dissociation curve to right

A

Increased levels of 2,3 DPG, decreased pH, decreased O2 tension

34
Q

Icteric

A

Increased bilirubin, jaundice, liver disease

35
Q

Pink or Red plasma

A

Hemolysis in vivo or in vitro

36
Q

Monocytosis is associated with

A

fungal infections and post chemotherapy

37
Q

Anisocytosis

A

Variation in RBC size
Seen in many anemias

38
Q

Macrocytes

A

RBCs >9 um
Megaloblastic, anemias, liver disease, reticulocystosis
normal in newborns

39
Q

Microcytes

A

RBCs <6 um
Iron deficiency anemias, thalassemia, siderblastic anemia, anemia or chronic inflammation

40
Q

Normocytic

A

Normal Cell Size

Hematology Review (11 decks)

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