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Hematology Review > Non-malignant WBC Disorders > Flashcards

Non-malignant WBC Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Increased neutrophils >7.0 x 10^9/L
Not pathogenic (usually)
Exercise, anesthesia, newborn

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2
Q

Pseudoneutrophilia

A

No increase in bands
Redistribution of MGP and CGP

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3
Q

Acute Neutrophilia

A

Bacterial infection/toxin
Bone marrow response (shift left)
10-20 K

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4
Q

Chronic Neutrophilia

A

Continuous stimulation
Bone marrow storage depletion
Toxic granulation with Dohle bodies
Bacterial infection

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5
Q

Leukemoid Reaction

A

Extreme reaction to severe infection
Necrotic tissue
Usually >25k
Many immature cells

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6
Q

Leukemoid Reaction Lab Results

A

Normal RBC
Normal Platelet
Toxic granulation
Dohle Bodies
LAP increased

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7
Q

Neutrophilia Other Causes

A

Tissue necrosis
Burns
Rheumatoid arthritis
Tumors
Steroids
Pregnancy

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8
Q

Neutropenia

A

<2.0 x 10^9/L of 1.5 x 10^9/L
Decreased Bone Marrow production
Stem cell disorders

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9
Q

Neutropenia Causes

A

Radiation
Chemotherapy
Myleophthisic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Inherited disorders

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10
Q

Increased WBC loss

A

Severe infection
Immune loss
Hypersplenism
Hemodialysis
Viral infection

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11
Q

Pseudoneutropenia

A

Increase in MGP
Transient

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12
Q

Agranulocytosis

A

<0.5 x 10^9/L
Possibility of severe infection

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13
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

A

Inherited
Abnormal Oxidative metabolism
Recurrent infections
Nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT)

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14
Q

Chediak Higashi Anomaly

A

Inherited
Fusion of primary and secondary granules
Abnormal lysosomes
Hypopigmentation
Death in infancy

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15
Q

May-Hegglin Anomaly

A

Inherited
Large basophilic inclusions in cytoplasm
+/- Thrombocytopenia
+/- Bleeding

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16
Q

Pelger-Huet Anomaly

A

Benign, Inherited
Hyposegmentation (bi-lobed segs and inc bands)
Pince nez cells (old spectacle look)
Normal Cell function

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17
Q

Alder Reilly Anomaly

A

Inherited
Large, purple granules in WBC cytoplasm
Enzyme deficiency
Cells appear as clusters and may have vacuoles
Normal cell function

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18
Q

Myeloperoxidase Deficiency

A

Inherited
No increase in infection - alternative methods to kill bacteria
Causes technical error with instruments

19
Q

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency

A

Inherited
Absence of WBC surface adhesion proteins (integrins)
Defects in adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation
Frequent infections
High mortality

20
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)

A

Connective Tissue Disease
Anti DNA acts on WBC (LE factor)
Round, homogenous body ingested by neutrophil (LE cell)
Butterfly rash
ANA testing

21
Q

Eosinophilia

A

> 450/cumm
Parasitic infection
Allergy
Asthma
Hypersensitive Skin Disease
Hematologic Malignancy
Tryptophan

22
Q

Hypereosinophilia Syndrome

A

> 1500/cumm
Tissue infiltration and damage
Charcot Leyden crystals
Nasal and Paranasal sinus contents - allergic rhinitis

23
Q

Eosinopenia

A

Hard to define
Cushing’s syndrome - bodies produce too much cholesterol

24
Q

Basophilia

A

> 150/cumm
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions and MPD
Malignancy

25
Q

Basopenia

A

Difficult to establish
Due to inflammation and immunologic reactions

26
Q

Monocytosis

A

> 800/cumm
Inflammatory conditions and malignancies
Recovery stage of acute infection and agranulocytosis
Immune response to TB
Collagen vascular disorders
Fungal infections

27
Q

Monocytopenia

A

<200/cumm
Hard to establish
Stem cell disorders

28
Q

Lipid Storage Disorders

A

Deficiency in enzyme to phagocytose material

29
Q

Gaucher’s Disease

A

Accumulation of lipid in macrophages
Deficiency in B-glucocerebrosidase
Pancytopenia
Splenomegaly, Bone pain
Increased serum phosphatase

30
Q

Nieman-Pick Disease

A

Ashkenazie population
Deficiency of spingomyelinase
Poor physical development
Foamy macrophages
Often fatal by 3 yrs old

31
Q

Tay-Sachs Disease

A

Ashkenazie population
Deficiency of B-hexoseamidase
Accumulation of glycolipids & mucopolysaccharides
Affects CNS
Often fatal by 4 yrs old

32
Q

Sea Blue Histiocyte Syndrome

A

Inherited - Benign
Splenomegaly
Decreased platelets
Sea Blue staining macrophages in spleen and bone marrow

33
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

Adenovirus or Coxsackie A virus
Respiratory infection
Fever
Headache
Dizziness
Painful Neck

34
Q

Lymphocytic Leukemoid Reaction

A

Increase in WBCs and Lymphs
Extreme response to viral infection
Reactive and immature lymphs

35
Q

Plasmacytosis

A

Plasma cells (make up 4% of Bone Marrow)
Mott Cell with Russell Bodies
Flame Cells

36
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis

A

Epstein-Barr Virus
14-24 yr olds
Infects B-cells
Many reactive lymphs
Monospot Test

37
Q

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A

Herpes group virus
Most common viral infection
Dangerous to newborns

38
Q

Lymphocytopenia

A

Inability to mount response to infection
Steriods
Acute inflammation infections
Cancer
SLE
Chemotherapy/radiation
Malnutrition

39
Q

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

A

Pancytopenia
Decreased lymphocytes
Decreased Th cells (CD4)

40
Q

Severe Combined Immune Deficiency Syndrome (SCIDS)

A

Deficiency of T and B cells
Decreased lymphoid tissue in nodes and bone marrow
Recurrent infection
Rash
Failure to Thrive
Death to overwhelming sepsis within 2 yrs of life

41
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

A

Decreased antibodies
Eczema, thrombocytopenia, immune deficiency
Death by age 10 due to infection/bleeding

42
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome

A

Decreased T cells and lympoid tissue
Normal B cells
No thymus (hypoparathyroidism)
Heart defects, hypocalcemia

43
Q

Bruton’s Disease

A

Agammaglobulinemia
Decreased B cells and plasma cells
Normal T cells
Respiratory and skin infections with pyogenic bacteria

44
Q

LAP scores

A

CML <13
Normal, healthy 13 - 130
Leukomoid Reaction >160

Hematology Review (11 decks)

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