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hematology immunology Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Malaria gets how many slides

A

1 thic and 1 thin

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2
Q

Hemaglobin

A

provides a direct indication of the oxygen transport capcity of the body

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3
Q

hematocrit

A

the percentage volume of blood that is composed of RBCs

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4
Q

CBC RBC indices

A

access RBC characrerisitics and are useful for/in the evaluation of anemias cancer and disorders

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5
Q

MCV

A

mean cell volume most useful RBC indiced RR 80-96 fL

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6
Q

MCH

A

Mean Cell Hemoglobin - the average weight of hemoglobin in rbc RR 27-33pg

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7
Q

MCHC

A

Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentrion the average amount of hemoglobin per volume of RBC

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8
Q

RDW

A

Red BLood DIstribution Width an indication of the variation of Red Cell Size (anisocytosis) RR 11.5-14.5%

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9
Q

QA and QC

A

quailty assurance and quailty control

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10
Q

Hemataposiesis

A

formation of new blood cells

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11
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

formation of RBC stimulated by erythropoietin

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12
Q

Anemia

A

reduction in red blood cells or ditruction of hemoglobin

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13
Q

WBC come from

A

lymphoid progenitor cells and myeloid progenitor cells

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14
Q

where are platelets produced

A

bone marrow

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15
Q

Hemostasis cascade steps

A

Constriction of the blood vessel.
Formation of a temporary “platelet plug.”
Activation of the coagulation cascade. 4) Formation of “fibrin plug” or the final clot.

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16
Q

Intrinsic Pathway

A

stimulated by endothelium damage

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17
Q

Extrinis pathway

A

stimulated by external injury to blood vessels

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18
Q

what is the final common pathway

A

factor 10 - leads to conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and thrombin converts fibrinogen into the fibrin mesh

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19
Q

Arteries carry blood in what direction

A

away from the heart

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20
Q

veins carry blood in what direction

A

towards the heart

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21
Q

6 stages of development of an RBC

A

Rubriblast
Prorubricyte
Rubicyte
Metarubricytes
Reticulocyte
Mature Erythrocyte

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22
Q

Reference range RBC

A

m 4.5-5.9 x10^12/L
f 4.5-5.1 x 10^12/L

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23
Q

Hematocrit reference ranges

A

m 41.5-50.4%
f 35.9-44.6%

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24
Q

Hb Reference range

A

14.17.5 g/dL
12.3-15.3 g/dL

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25
platelet reference range
150-450 x10^12/L
26
in circulating blood how many rbcs are normally reticulocytes
0.5-2.5% adults and 2.5-6.0 babys
27
What is Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
the rate they fall or seddle is your sedimentation rate and detecting inflamation
28
what is ESR reference range
m 0 = 15 mm /hr f 0 = 20 mm /hr
29
what is anisocytosis
normal size cell
30
what is microcytosis
small cell size
31
what is macrocytosis
big cell size
32
What is RPI
reticulocyte Production Index - can be applied to correct the reticulocyte count for abnormally early release of RBC from bone marrow into peripheral cells
33
Rouleaux Formation
represents an abnormal distribution pattern of RBCs which stick together or become aligned in aggregates that look like stacks of coins
34
Diapedesis
WBC migrate through endothelial walls of capillaries and venules and enter into tissue spaces
35
T cells
responsible for celular immunity
36
NK Cells
generalized defense cells
37
What is primary hemostatis
the initial response of the body to vascular injury, and involves interaction between platelets, adhesive proteins located in the subendothelial matrix (including collagen and von Willebrand factor), and circulating fibrinogen.
38
what is secondary hemostasis
Secondary hemostasis refers to the deposition of insoluble fibrin, which is generated by the proteolytic coagulation cascade. This insoluble fibrin forms a mesh that is incorporated into and around the platelet plug.
39
what are the four stages of hemostasis
Constriction of the blood vessel. Formation of a temporary “platelet plug." Activation of the coagulation cascade. 4) Formation of “fibrin plug” or the final clot
40
Name 3 pathways of the coagulation cascade
common intrinsic and extrinsic
41
what is fibrolysis
the enzymatic breakdown of fibrin in blood clots
42
types of hemoglobin in adults
a a2 e f s c h m
43
Extrinsic pathway is activated by
the extrinsic pathway is activated through tissue factor released by endothelial cells after external damage.
44
the internal pathway is activated by
The intrinsic pathway is activated through exposed endothelial collage
45
Mineral required for hemostasis
calcium ions
46
Name three vascular disorders
atherosclerosis aneurysm and varicose veins
47
three lymphatic disorders
lymphoma Hodgkins disease and splenomegaly
48
what fixative is in wrights stain
methonal
49
the westergreen method is used to determine
esr
50
the basic dye in a romonowsky stain
methylene blue
51
the cells which contribute the most to blood clotting are
platelets
52
Intrincsic pathway factor numbers
12 11 9 7 to 10 common
53
extrinsic pathway factor numbers
3 7 to 10 common
54
Anticoagulant Ratio
1 blood : 9 anticoagulant
55
Routine tests that mointer coagulation cascase
PT APTT/PTT TT
56
pt
prothrombin time used to evaluate the extrinsic pathway and common pathways of the coagulation cascade
57
Aptt
used to evaluate the intrinsic and common pathways
58
Thrombin Time
used to assess deficiencies or dysfunctions of fibrinogen used to access for the presence of an inhibitions of thormbin
59
Fibrinogen Assay Test s
assess fibrinogen activity
60
Fibrinogen Calibration
the time take to clot is compared against a pre established calibration curve to generate a result in g/L
61
D Dimer
one of the fibrin degradation products that result as from the breakdown of a clot by the action of plasmin
62
PT reference range
10-13 seconds
63
INR reference range
0.9-1.1 seconds
64
Fibrinogen Reference range
1.5-4 g/L
65
APTT Reference Range
25-40 seconds
66
D Dimer reference range
under 3.0 mmol/L
67
stains used for reticulocyte staining
supravital stain (methylene blue)

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