Hematopoiesis Overview Flashcards by Amanda Kroymann

BV = _______ + ________ + _______

WBC = Plasma Volume (55%) + RBC (44%) + WBC & PLTs (1%)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is not a site of Hematopoiesis?
A) spleen
B) kidney
C) liver
D) thymus
E) lymph nodes

B) Kidney

Sites of Hematopoeisis: bone marrow, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, thymus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Adult Sites of Hematopoiesis

bone marrow (MEDULLARY HEMATOPOIESIS) 
sites: sternum, pelvic iliac crest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fetal Site of Hematopoiesis

liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cell number is adjusted to need and regulated by __________?

Growth Factor

stimulation increases with need

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is extra medullary hematopoiesis?

hematopoisis outside of the bone marrow i.e. in the spleen or liver
result of abnormal requirements for hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

____ cells are derived from a pool of stem cells and are ______.

ALL cells are derived from a pool of stem cells SELF-RENEWING

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pluripotential & mutlipotential stem cells give rise to ________ stem cells for each line. _________ stem cells have receptors for specific growth factors. (same word for both blanks)

Committed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the growth factor for RBC production?
A) Thrombopoietin
B) Erythropoietin
C) GM-CSF

B) Erythropoietin

A) Thrombopoietin -regulates PLT production
C) GM-CSF - regulates granulocyte and monocyte production

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thymus gland produces __ lymphs. Bone marrow produces __ lymphs.

Thymus - T cells

Bone Marrow - B cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

First recognizable cell in each cell line is:

blast

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T/F Immature blast cells are small, with small nucleus and lots of cytoplasm.

False

Immature blast cell: large cell, large nucleus, fine chromatin, small amount of cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T/F Mature Cells are small, with chromatin clumps, Hgb or granules and have as decrease N/C ratio.

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normal RBC and Hgb production requires:
A) amino acids
B) iron
C) folic acid
D) vitamin B12
E) all of the above

E) All of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RBC production is controlled by _______________?

Rate of oxygen delivery to the tissues.

Mainly regulated by erythropoietin produced by the kidneys.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Erythrocyte Maturation: Bone Marrow

four nucleated RBC stages

if nucleated RBCs are found in the blood - abnormal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Erythrocyte Maturation: Reticulocyte

nucleus is lost
blue-tinged red cells
POLYCHROMASIA on a differential report

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Erythrocyte Maturation: Blood

mature RBCs

lifespan - 120 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normocytic

normal size
normal MCV (volume)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normochromic

normal color

Hgb content

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T/F RBC shape doesn’t effect RBC survival.

False - Survival depends on maintaining shape.

Biconcave disc shape is best for oxygen transport and essential to deform in micro vessels.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the functions of RBCs?

O2 transport and CO2 removal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the building blocks of hemoglobin?

Study These Flashcards

HEME - protoporphyin structure - central iron atom where oxygen binds (transferrin transports iron)

GLOBIN - amino acids in specific order (alpha, beta, gamma delta)

Which is not a normal hemoglobin type?
A) Hgb A 
B) Hgb A2
C) Hgb S
D) Hgb F

Study These Flashcards

C) Hgb S - variant type causes sickle formation

3 normal hemoglobin types:
A) Hgb A - main adult type
B) Hgb A2
D) Hgb F - fetal type

Defective Hgb synthesis produces (normo/micro/macro) ____ cytic and/or (normo/hypo/hyper) ______ chromic cells?

microcytic | hypochromic

How are aged or defective red cells removed?

Tissue monocytes called macrophages in the liver and spleen

RBC Destruction what happens to A) iron B) protoporphyrin C) globulin

A) iron is recycled or stored as ferritin B) protoporphyrin metabolized to bilirubin and urobilinogen - excreted to C) globin - returned to amino acid pool

Granulocyte Maturation: Bone Marrow

4 stages, granules appear | if in the blood: myelocytes and metamyelocytes - immature neutrophils this is abnormal

Granulocyte Maturation: Marrow and Blood

immature band form

Granulocyte Maturation: Blood

mature segmented form | short lifespan 1-2 days

What is the role of neutrophils?

Phagocytosis granules contain - lytic enzymes defend against bacterial infections

Increased numbers of band neutrophils is a left or a right shift?

LEFT

What is the function of eosinophils?

defend against parasitic infections | modify allergic reactions

What is the function of basophils?

immediate hypersensitivity reactions | granules contain histamine

Monocyte Maturation: Bone Marrow & Blood

Monocyte - largest normal cell in the blood

What does a monocyte become when it enters the tissue (bone marrow, liver, lymph nodes, kidney, lungs)?

macrophages

Monocyte Functions

phagocytic cell - doesn't die - cleans up cells granules contain lytic enzymes immune response: APC

T/F Antigen independent differentiation occurs in the primary lymphoid tissue.

True

Lymphocytes defend against bacterial or viral infections?

Viral

T lymphs regulate the ________ immunity. | B lymphs regulate the ________ immunity.

T lymphs: cellular immunity | B lymphs: humoral immunity

Platelet Maturation and Function: Bone Marrow

platelet producing megakaryocyte - sheds cytoplasm and fragments are released into the blood

Platelet Maturation and Function: Blood

act upon first injury - form a platelet plug smallest cells lifespan 10 days

What test reflects iron stores w/o doing a biopsy?

Serum ferritin

Ina normal adult, the major site of hematopoiesis occurs in the _______ and is termed __________ hematopoiesis.

Bone marrow, medullary

Erythropoietin regulates erythropoiesis and is released by the ______ in response to ______________.

Kidney, tissue hypoxia

Which of the following statements regarding reticulocytes is FALSE? a. On a Wright’s stained blood smear, reticulocytes will have a blue appearance described as polychromasia on the CBC with Differential report. b. The number of reticulocytes in the blood is a good indicator of the rate of red cell production by the bone marrow and normally is about 1%. c. With normal conditions, about 10% of red cells in the blood are newly released reticulocytes that replace a daily red cell loss of 10%.

c. With normal conditions, about 10% of red cells in the blood are newly released reticulocytes that replace a daily red cell loss of 10%. Daily red cell loss of 1% is replaced by release of retics by the bone marrow into the blood.

TRUE or FALSE. Normal erythrocyte and hemoglobin production requires intact bone marrow function, sufficient erythropoietin stimulation and adequate supplies (e.g. iron).

True

TRUE or FALSE. Red cell survival may be shortened by rigid, abnormally shaped red cells with membrane defects or a variant hemoglobin type (e.g., Hgb S).

TRUE

The main hemoglobin type found in normal adult red cells is: a. Hemoglobin A composed of alpha and beta globin chains b. Hemoglobin A2 composed of alpha and delta globin chains c. Hemoglobin F composed of alpha and gamma globin chains

a. Hemoglobin A composed of alpha and beta globin chains ~97%

The most numerous white cells in the blood of normal adults are: a. band neutrophils and monocytes b. monocytes and lymphocytes c. segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes d. eosinophils and basophils e. blast cells and nucleated red cells

c. segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes

Which of the following best describes the function of the neutrophil? a. Becomes a macrophage of the reticuloendothelial system (RES); clears debris and old or damaged cells. b. Major role is phagocytosis; defense against bacteria. c. Acts in humoral immunity; end-stage is an antibody producing plasma cell. d. Active in allergic states; controls parasites.

``` A decreased number of white cells, red cells and platelets in the peripheral blood is called: a. pancytosis b. pancytopenia c. hyperplasia d. thrombocytopenia ```

b. pancytopenia

EDTA works by to prevent blood coagulation and is the preferred anticoagulant for performing . a. inhibiting thrombin, cell counts b. binding calcium, coagulation tests c. inhibiting thrombin, coagulation tests d. binding calcium, cell counts

d. binding calcium, cell counts Sodium citrate works by binding calcium and is the preferred anticoagulant for performing coagulation tests.

Control samples are run to monitor the testing process and can detect: a. Pre-analytical errors such as wrong patient identification. b. Specimen collection errors that affect sample integrity. = pre-analytical c. Analytical errors caused by improper function of equipment or ‘bad’ reagents.

Match the blood collection error with the best description or result listed on the right: Hemoconcentration- what causes it?

Prolonged stasis causes falsely high results.

Match the blood collection error with the best description or result listed on the right: Hemolysis- What causes it?

Ruptured blood cells cause invalid results.

Match the blood collection error with the best description or result listed on the right: Partially clotted blood- what does it cause?

Cells trapped in fibrin cause falsely low results.

Hematopoiesis Overview Flashcards

(57 cards)