Hematuria Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the most common test for blood and protein in the urine?
Urine dipstick
When can false negatives happen in urine dipsticks?
formalin or high urinary concentrations of vitamin C
when can false positives happen in urine dipsticks?
alkaline urine or contamination with oxidizing agents used to clean the perineum
What is the threshold for hematuria
2 RBCs/High power field in adults
5 RBCs/High power field children
Frequent causes of hematuria?
Transient unexplained
UTI
Stone
Cancer
Urine sediment red
Hematuria
Urine supernatant red
not hematuria, need to dipstick for hgb
Red supernatant negative for heme
Porphyria
Phenazopyridine
Beets
Beeturia is caused by
betalaine
Plasma clear (red sup. positive for heme)
myoglobinuria
plasma red (red sup. positive for heme)
hemoglobinuria
red blood cell casts
glom. neph
proteinuria
glom. disease
Glomerular indices
Red cell casts proteinuria dysmorphic red cells smokey brown color clots
Most common causes of persistent microscopic hematuria in children
Glomerulopathies
Hypercalciuria
Nutcracker syndrome
Epidemiology of stones
Rate increases with age
Men > women
Whites > blacks
7-10/1000 hospital admissions
80% of stones are made of this
calcium
Symptoms of stones
- Flank and abdominal pain
- Testicle/labial pain
- pain waxes and wanes
- gross/microscopic hematuria
Possible nausea, vomiting, dysuria, urgency
Risk factors for calcium stone formation
- Increased calcium excretion (hypercalciuria)
- Increased uric acid excretion (hyperuricosuria)
- Reduced citrate excretion (hypocitraturia)
- Low urine volume
- Increased oxalate excretion
Hypocitraturia occurs during
metabolic acidosis
Urease producing organisms
proteus and klebsiella
