URIs Flashcards
(33 cards)
3 ways bacterial organisms cause disease
- toxin production
- host immune response
- bacterial proliferation and invasion
3 ways viral organisms cause disease
- cytopathic effect
- host immune response
- tumorigenesis
Why is the respiratory system frequently infected
direct contact with microbes in the environment. continuous exposure.
Anatomical adaptations of the respiratory tract that help evade pathogens?
Mucociliary lining of the nasal cavity
mucus contains lysozyme and lactoferrin, IgA
Change of direction of the airway from sinus to pharynx
Alveolar macrophages eliminate microorganisms in lung
Ciliary elevator
Normal flora
what do the baffle plates do?
Cause air to swirl as it passes over causing swirling pattern that forces potential pathogens to make contact with the mucus over the nasal passages.
Describe the mucociliary escalator
contains (1) goblet cells (2) ciliated epithelium
Mucus is a physical barrier produced by the goblet cells
Cilia push.
Pathogen is trapped and then pushed out.
Smoking and the mucociliary excalator
damages it
When you hear common cold - first think of this organism
rhinovirus
What virus causes colds in the summer?
Adenovirus
Breakdown viral classification of Rhinovirus
RNA Icosahedral nucleocapsid non enveloped SS (+) nonsegmented - Class IV Picronavirdae
How does rhinovirus invade?
attaches the nasal passages using ICAM of the cells.
Coronavirus classification
RNA helical nucleocapsid enveloped ss (+) nonsegmented - class IV Coronaviridae
Influenza virus classification
RNA helical nucleocapsid Enveloped ss (-) SEGMENTED genome (V) orthomyxoviridae
Coxackievirus classification
RNA icosahedral nucleocapsid non enveloped SS (+) nonsegmented genome (IV) Picornaviridae Enterovirus
Parainfluenza classification
RNA virus Helical nucleocapsid Enveloped SS (-) nonsegmented genome paramyxoviridae
Adenovirus classification
DNA virus icosahedral nucleocapsid Nonenveloped DS linear DNA (Group 1) Adenoviridae Mastadenovirus
Sinusitis definition
Inflammatory condition of any of the 4 pairs of sinuses in the skull
Acute rhinosinusitis
inflammation or infection of the mucosa of the nasal passages and at least one of the paranasal sinuses that typically lasts no longer than 4 weeks.
Are most cases of sinusitis bacterial or viral?
Viral
Differentiating viral vs. bacterial sinusitis?
Typically if lasts longer than 7 days or includes facial swelling or tooth pain = bacterial (ADULTS)
If longer than 10-14 days, fever, face pain and swelling (CHILD)
Common causes of community acquired bacterial rhinosinusitis?
Strep pneumo
haemophilus influenzae
abx therapy for bacterial rhino?
amoxicillin (augmenten) or azithro
Group A strep
Pharyngitis in children ages 5 to 15
Fever, severe pain upon swallowing (sudden onset), headache, nausea, vomiting, ab. pain.
red tonsils with or without exudate
enlarged tender cervical lymph nodes
Abx for group A strep?
penicillin or erythromycin (penicillin allergy)
