Hemodynamic Disorder

Question 1

Edema can de defined as

Answer 1

Increased fluid in the interstitial space

That is water above 60%

Question 2

Left heart failure leads to

Answer 2

Pulmonary congestion

Question 3

Right heart failure leads to

Answer 3

Systemic and organ failure congestion

Question 4

Impaired lymphatic drainage leads to

Answer 4

Elephantiasis

Question 5

Elephantiasis is caused by

Answer 5

Filarial worm when mosquitoes takes it from a human into anoda human

Question 6

What stimulates platelet aggregation

Answer 6

ADP and Thromboxane A2

Question 7

High level of homocysteine contributes to arterial and venous thrombosis

Question 8

Embolism is

Answer 8

A thrombotic thing that can move from its point of origin intravenous

Question 9

Transudate is

Answer 9

A fluid poor in protein

Question 10

Exudate is a fluid

Answer 10

Rich in protein

Question 11

Types of edema

Answer 11

Localized and general edema

Inflammatory and non inflammatory edema

Question 12

Localized edema include

Answer 12

Vein obstruction eg thrombus
Lymphatic drainage disorder
Localized inflammatory response eg allergy

Question 13

Generalized edema include

Answer 13

Heart failure
Renal failure
Starvation
Malnutrition
Liver failure

Question 14

Inflammatory edema include

Answer 14

Liquid with more protein
Fibrin rich fluid
High gravity

Question 15

Non Inflammatory edema include

Answer 15

Absence of fibrin
Low protein
Low gravity

Question 16

Pathologic physiology of edema

Answer 16

Atriolar dilation
Impaired venous return
Lymphatic problem
Low plasma osmotic pressure
Inflammation
Sodium retention

Question 17

Elephantiasis is a disease caused by

Answer 17

Lymphatic drainage system that is not working

Question 18

Pulmonary edema is caused by

Answer 18

Left ventricle of the heart thats is not working

Question 19

Elephantiasis is a parasitic infection caused by

Answer 19

Filirial worm from the female mosquito

The parasite goes to live in the lymphatic system

Question 20

What is hyperemia

Answer 20

This is when the body actively sends blood to a particular region

Leading to and increase in blood in an organ or tissue

Eg during inflammation

Question 21

What is congestion

Answer 21

Reduced blood flow out of the tissue

It is a passive process

Question 22

Example of hyperemia

Answer 22

Increased blood to muscle during exercise

Increased blood to brain during shock

Etc

Question 23

Engorgement of an organ with venous blood is termed

Answer 23

Congestion or Passive hyperemia

Question 24

Congestion is

Answer 24

Obstruction of venous blood out of an organ

Question 25

Congestion is happens when vein is blocked or impaired As long as blood doesn’t go back to the heart the blood will remain in the system

Question 26

Hyperemia is in relation to artery The place will be red because of oxygenated blood But in congestion it will be dark red due to deoxygenated blood

Question 27

Bluish skin in swelling shows a

Answer 27

Congestion of blood Congestion of deoxygenated blood

Question 28

Reddish skin in swelling shows

Answer 28

Hyperemia to the skin Accumulation of oxygenated blood

Question 29

A nutmeg liver is due to

Answer 29

Chronic passive congestion of the liver Due to right heart failure

Question 30

Hematoma is

Answer 30

Hemorrhage that results to accumulation under the skin

Question 31

What are the factors responsible for platelet adhesion

Answer 31

Von willebrand factor (solidify the adhesion) Fibronectin Collagen

Question 32

What are the factors responsible for platelet aggregation

Answer 32

Calcium and ADP

Question 33

ADP and Thromboxane A2 set up the primary homeostatic plug

Question 34

Difference between a blood clot and a thrombus

Answer 34

A blood clot is a coagulation cascade that does not stick to endothelium A thrombus is a blood clot formed inside the blood vessels that sticks to endothelium

Question 35

Hematoma

Answer 35

Is broken blood vessels that release blood under the skin Like a bad bruise Eg when punched or what we call bad blood

Question 36

Transudate is formed in what type of edema

Answer 36

Non inflammatory edema

Question 37

Exudate is formed in what type of edema

Answer 37

Inflammatory edema

Question 38

Non inflammatory edema means

Answer 38

Edema caused by plasma pressure disorder That is the plasma oncotic and hydrostatic pressure is not work properly

Question 39

Congestion is impaired OUTFLOW of blood from a tissue